{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,26]],"date-time":"2026-09-26T11:43:20Z","timestamp":1790423000350,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":60,"publisher":"American Society for Microbiology","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2015,6,1]],"date-time":"2015-06-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1433116800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/non-commercial-tdm-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.asm.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Antimicrob Agents Chemother"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2015,6]]},"abstract":"ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n \n Exposure to biocides may result in cross-resistance to other antimicrobials. Changes in biocide and antibiotic susceptibilities, metabolism, and fitness costs were studied here in biocide-selected\n Escherichia coli<\/jats:named-content>\n and\n Klebsiella pneumoniae<\/jats:named-content>\n mutants.\n E. coli<\/jats:named-content>\n and\n K. pneumoniae<\/jats:named-content>\n mutants with various degrees of triclosan susceptibility were obtained after exposure to triclosan (TRI), benzalkonium chloride (BKC), chlorhexidine (CHX) or sodium hypochlorite (SHC), and ampicillin or ciprofloxacin. Alterations in antimicrobial susceptibility and metabolism in mutants were tested using Phenotype MicroArrays. The expression of AcrAB pump and global regulators (SoxR, MarA, and RamA) was measured by quantitative reverse transcription-PCR (qRT-PCR), and the central part of the\n fabI<\/jats:italic>\n gene was sequenced. The fitness costs of resistance were assessed by a comparison of relative growth rates. Triclosan-resistant (TRI\n r<\/jats:sup>\n ) and triclosan-hypersusceptible (TRI\n hs<\/jats:sup>\n ) mutants of\n E. coli<\/jats:named-content>\n and\n K. pneumoniae<\/jats:named-content>\n were obtained after selection with biocides and\/or antibiotics.\n E. coli<\/jats:named-content>\n TRI\n r<\/jats:sup>\n mutants, including those with mutations in the\n fabI<\/jats:italic>\n gene or in the expression of\n acrB<\/jats:italic>\n ,\n acrF<\/jats:italic>\n , and\n marA<\/jats:italic>\n , exhibited changes in susceptibility to TRI, CHX, and antibiotics. TRI\n r<\/jats:sup>\n mutants for which the TRI MIC was high presented improved metabolism of carboxylic acids, amino acids, and carbohydrates. In TRI\n r<\/jats:sup>\n mutants, resistance to one antimicrobial provoked hypersusceptibility to another one(s). TRI\n r<\/jats:sup>\n mutants had fitness costs, particularly\n marA<\/jats:italic>\n -overexpressing (\n E. coli<\/jats:named-content>\n ) or\n ramA<\/jats:italic>\n -overexpressing (\n K. pneumoniae<\/jats:named-content>\n ) mutants. TRI, BKC, and CIP exposure frequently yielded TRI\n r<\/jats:sup>\n mutants exhibiting alterations in AraC-like global regulators (MarA, SoxR, and RamA), AcrAB-TolC, and\/or FabI, and influencing antimicrobial susceptibility, fitness, and metabolism. These various phenotypes suggest a trade-off of different selective processes shaping the evolution toward antibiotic\/biocide resistance and influencing other adaptive traits.\n <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1128\/aac.00187-15","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,4,1]],"date-time":"2015-04-01T09:41:41Z","timestamp":1427881301000},"page":"3413-3423","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/asmj-crossmark-policy-page","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":56,"title":["Polymorphic Variation in Susceptibility and Metabolism of Triclosan-Resistant Mutants of Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae Clinical Strains Obtained after Exposure to Biocides and Antibiotics"],"prefix":"10.1128","volume":"59","author":[{"given":"T\u00e2nia","family":"Curiao","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Servicio de Microbiolog\u00eda, Instituto Ram\u00f3n y Cajal de Investigaci\u00f3n Sanitaria (IRYCIS), Madrid, Spain"},{"name":"CIBER Epidemiolog\u00eda y Salud P\u00fablica (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Emmanuela","family":"Marchi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Dipartimento di Scienze delle Produzioni Agroalimentari e dell'Ambiente, Universit\u00e0 degli Studi di Firenze, Florence, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Carlo","family":"Viti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Dipartimento di Scienze delle Produzioni Agroalimentari e dell'Ambiente, Universit\u00e0 degli Studi di Firenze, Florence, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marco R.","family":"Oggioni","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Genetics, University of Leicester, Leicester, United Kingdom"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fernando","family":"Baquero","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Servicio de Microbiolog\u00eda, Instituto Ram\u00f3n y Cajal de Investigaci\u00f3n Sanitaria (IRYCIS), Madrid, Spain"},{"name":"Unidad de Resistencia a Antibi\u00f3ticos y Virulencia Bacteriana Asociada al Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Cient\u00edficas (CSIC), Madrid, Spain"},{"name":"CIBER Epidemiolog\u00eda y Salud P\u00fablica (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jos\u00e9 Luis","family":"Martinez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Unidad de Resistencia a Antibi\u00f3ticos y Virulencia Bacteriana Asociada al Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Cient\u00edficas (CSIC), Madrid, Spain"},{"name":"Departamento de Biotecnolog\u00eda Microbiana, Centro Nacional de Biotecnolog\u00eda (CSIC), Cantoblanco, Madrid, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Teresa M.","family":"Coque","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Servicio de Microbiolog\u00eda, Instituto Ram\u00f3n y Cajal de Investigaci\u00f3n Sanitaria (IRYCIS), Madrid, Spain"},{"name":"Unidad de Resistencia a Antibi\u00f3ticos y Virulencia Bacteriana Asociada al Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Cient\u00edficas (CSIC), Madrid, Spain"},{"name":"CIBER Epidemiolog\u00eda y Salud P\u00fablica (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"235","reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/CMR.12.1.147"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0022833"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/jac\/dkm359"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/jac\/dkm314"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0036659"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/CMR.19.2.382-402.2006"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JB.01517-09"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JB.00363-09"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.274.16.11110"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.273.46.30316"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.05509-11"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_13_2","volume-title":"European Commission","author":"Scientific Committee on Emerging and Newly Identified Health Risks (SCENIHR)","year":"2009","unstructured":"Scientific Committee on Emerging and Newly Identified Health Risks (SCENIHR). 2009. 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