{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,21]],"date-time":"2026-10-21T14:54:10Z","timestamp":1792594450944,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":35,"publisher":"American Society for Microbiology","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2017,10,1]],"date-time":"2017-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1506816000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/non-commercial-tdm-license"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001711","name":"Swiss National Science Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["310030-149762"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["310030-149762"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001711","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001711","name":"Swiss National Science Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["31003A_153474"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["31003A_153474"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001711","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.asm.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Antimicrob Agents Chemother"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n          <jats:p>\n            Methicillin-resistant\n            <jats:named-content content-type=\"genus-species\">Staphylococcus aureus<\/jats:named-content>\n            (MRSA) resistant to decolonization agents such as mupirocin and chlorhexidine increases the need for development of alternative decolonization molecules. The absence of reported severe adverse reactions and bacterial resistance to polyhexanide makes it an excellent choice as a topical antiseptic. In the present study, we evaluated the\n            <jats:italic>in vitro<\/jats:italic>\n            and\n            <jats:italic>in vivo<\/jats:italic>\n            capacity to generate strains with reduced polyhexanide susceptibility and cross-resistance with chlorhexidine and\/or antibiotics currently used in clinic. Here we report the\n            <jats:italic>in vitro<\/jats:italic>\n            emergence of reduced susceptibility to polyhexanide by prolonged stepwise exposure to low concentrations in broth culture. Reduced susceptibility to polyhexanide was associated with genomic changes in the\n            <jats:italic>mprF<\/jats:italic>\n            and\n            <jats:italic>purR<\/jats:italic>\n            genes and with concomitant decreased susceptibility to daptomycin and other cell wall-active antibiotics. However, the\n            <jats:italic>in vitro<\/jats:italic>\n            emergence of reduced susceptibility to polyhexanide did not result in cross-resistance to chlorhexidine. During\n            <jats:italic>in vivo<\/jats:italic>\n            polyhexanide clinical decolonization treatment, neither reduced polyhexanide susceptibility nor chlorhexidine cross-resistance was observed. Together, these observations suggest that polyhexanide could be used safely for decolonization of carriers of chlorhexidine-resistant\n            <jats:named-content content-type=\"genus-species\">S. aureus<\/jats:named-content>\n            strains; they also highlight the need for careful use of polyhexanide at low antiseptic concentrations.\n          <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1128\/aac.00272-17","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,8,8]],"date-time":"2017-08-08T00:40:19Z","timestamp":1502152819000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/asmj-crossmark-policy-page","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":41,"title":["Impact of Exposure of Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus to Polyhexanide\n            <i>In Vitro<\/i>\n            and\n            <i>In Vivo<\/i>"],"prefix":"10.1128","volume":"61","author":[{"given":"A.","family":"Renzoni","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Service of Infectious Diseases, University Hospitals of Geneva and Faculty of Medicine, Geneva, Switzerland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"E.","family":"Von Dach","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Infection Control Program, University Hospitals of Geneva and Faculty of Medicine, Geneva, Switzerland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"C.","family":"Landelle","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hospital Hygiene Unit, Grenoble Alpes University Hospital, Grenoble, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"S. M.","family":"Diene","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Genomic Research Laboratory, University Hospitals of Geneva and Faculty of Medicine, Geneva, Switzerland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"C.","family":"Manzano","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Service of Infectious Diseases, University Hospitals of Geneva and Faculty of Medicine, Geneva, Switzerland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"R.","family":"Gonzales","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Los Angeles Biomedical Research Institute at Harbor-UCLA, Torrance, California, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"W.","family":"Abdelhady","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Los Angeles Biomedical Research Institute at Harbor-UCLA, Torrance, California, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"C. P.","family":"Randall","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Antimicrobial Research Centre, University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"E. J.","family":"Bonetti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Genomic Research Laboratory, University Hospitals of Geneva and Faculty of Medicine, Geneva, Switzerland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"D.","family":"Baud","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Genomic Research Laboratory, University Hospitals of Geneva and Faculty of Medicine, Geneva, Switzerland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"A. J.","family":"O'Neill","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Antimicrobial Research Centre, University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"A.","family":"Bayer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Los Angeles Biomedical Research Institute at Harbor-UCLA, Torrance, California, USA"},{"name":"Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, California, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"A.","family":"Cherkaoui","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Service of Infectious Diseases, University Hospitals of Geneva and Faculty of Medicine, Geneva, Switzerland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"J.","family":"Schrenzel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Genomic Research Laboratory, University Hospitals of Geneva and Faculty of Medicine, Geneva, 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