{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,28]],"date-time":"2026-04-28T00:38:37Z","timestamp":1777336717733,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":38,"publisher":"American Society for Microbiology","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,7]],"date-time":"2025-05-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1746576000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,7]],"date-time":"2025-05-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1746576000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/non-commercial-tdm-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.asm.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Antimicrob Agents Chemother"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title\/>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Biofilm can enhance antibiotic tolerance in bacteria, making treatment of biofilm-associated infections in clinical settings a significant challenge. 5-Fluorocytosine (5-FC), an FDA-approved drug mostly used as an antifungal, can hinder biofilm formation and production of virulence factors in Gram-negative bacteria. In this study, we tested 5-FC on nine uropathogenic\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Escherichia coli<\/jats:italic>\n                      (UPEC) strains plus a fecal isolate. Our data indicated that 5-FC reduced curli fiber gene expression and inhibited virulence factors in UPEC strains. Unlike what was observed in other microorganisms, 5-FC antivirulence and antibiofilm properties were unaffected by either growth temperature or the medium pH, which might prove critical in urinary tract infection (UTI) treatment. Additionally, 5-FC impaired the expression of various UPEC virulence factors, including secreted toxins and type I and P fimbriae, thus leading to decreased UPEC adherence to bladder epithelial cells and improved survival of host cells. Finally, we found that a combination of 5-FC with \u03b2-lactams, but not other classes of antibiotics, significantly lowered the viability of bacteria in preformed biofilms. Despite a small set of pathogenic\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">E. coli<\/jats:italic>\n                      strains and an\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">in vitro<\/jats:italic>\n                      infection model, our findings strongly suggest that 5-FC might be a possible candidate as an antivirulence agent, particularly in a synergistic approach with \u03b2-lactam antibiotics.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1128\/aac.00280-25","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,4]],"date-time":"2025-04-04T06:31:15Z","timestamp":1743748275000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/asmj-crossmark-policy-page","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["The antimycotic 5-fluorocytosine is a virulence inhibitor of uropathogenic\n                    <i>Escherichia coli<\/i>\n                    and eradicates biofilm-embedded bacteria synergizing with 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