{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,6]],"date-time":"2026-01-06T13:48:49Z","timestamp":1767707329522,"version":"3.37.3"},"reference-count":41,"publisher":"American Society for Microbiology","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2016,7,1]],"date-time":"2016-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1467331200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/non-commercial-tdm-license"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000060","name":"HHS | NIH | National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["R01AI19641"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R01AI19641"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000060","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000738","name":"U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000738","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100006108","name":"HHS | NIH | National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["UL1TR001412"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UL1TR001412"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100006108","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.asm.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Antimicrob Agents Chemother"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,7]]},"abstract":"ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n \n Little is known about the effect of antibiotics on eradication of carriage and development of resistance in\n Haemophilus influenzae<\/jats:named-content>\n in individuals with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Our goals were to assess antibiotic susceptibilities, prevalence of resistance genes, and development of resistance in\n H. influenzae<\/jats:named-content>\n and to evaluate the effect of macrolide and fluoroquinolone administration on\n H. influenzae<\/jats:named-content>\n eradication. Data were from a 15-year longitudinal study of COPD. Genome sequence data were used to determine genotype and identify resistance genes. MICs of antibiotics were determined by reference broth microdilution. Generalized linear mixed models were used to evaluate associations between antibiotic use and\n H. influenzae<\/jats:named-content>\n eradication. We examined 267\n H. influenzae<\/jats:named-content>\n isolates from 77 individuals. All newly acquired\n H. influenzae<\/jats:named-content>\n isolates were susceptible to azithromycin. Five of 27 (19%) strains developed 4-fold increases in azithromycin MICs and reached or exceeded the susceptibility breakpoint (\u22644 \u03bcg\/ml) during exposure.\n H. influenzae<\/jats:named-content>\n isolates were uniformly susceptible to ciprofloxacin, levofloxacin, and moxifloxacin (MIC\n 90<\/jats:sub>\n s of 0.015, 0.015, and 0.06, respectively); there were no mutations in quinolone resistance-determining regions. Fluoroquinolone administration was associated with increased\n H. influenzae<\/jats:named-content>\n eradication compared to macrolides (odds ratio [OR], 16.67; 95% confidence interval [CI], 2.67 to 104.09). There was no difference in\n H. influenzae<\/jats:named-content>\n eradication when comparing macrolide administration to no antibiotic (OR, 1.89; 95% CI, 0.43 to 8.30). Fluoroquinolones are effective in eradicating\n H. influenzae<\/jats:named-content>\n in individuals with COPD. Macrolides are ineffective in eradicating\n H. influenzae<\/jats:named-content>\n , and their use in COPD patients may lead to decreased macrolide susceptibility and resistance.\n <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1128\/aac.00301-16","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,5,3]],"date-time":"2016-05-03T02:19:05Z","timestamp":1462241945000},"page":"4151-4158","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/asmj-crossmark-policy-page","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":23,"title":["Effect of Fluoroquinolones and Macrolides on Eradication and Resistance of Haemophilus influenzae in Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease"],"prefix":"10.1128","volume":"60","author":[{"given":"Melinda M.","family":"Pettigrew","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Epidemiology of Microbial Diseases, Yale School of Public Health, New Haven, Connecticut, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Brian T.","family":"Tsuji","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory for Antimicrobial Pharmacodynamics, School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University at Buffalo, the State University of New York, Buffalo, New York, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Janneane F.","family":"Gent","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Yale School of Public Health, New Haven, Connecticut, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yong","family":"Kong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Molecular Biophysics and Biochemistry, W. 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Keck Foundation Biotechnology Resource Laboratory, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Patricia N.","family":"Holden","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory for Antimicrobial Pharmacodynamics, School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University at Buffalo, the State University of New York, Buffalo, New York, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sanjay","family":"Sethi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, University at Buffalo, the State University of New York, Buffalo, New York, USA"},{"name":"Veterans Affairs Western New York Healthcare System, Buffalo, New York, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Timothy F.","family":"Murphy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Infectious Diseases and Clinical and Translational Research Center, University at Buffalo, the State University of New York, Buffalo, New York, USA"},{"name":"Department of Microbiology and Immunology University at Buffalo, the State University of New York, Buffalo, New York, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"235","reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_1_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1183\/09031936.06.00025805"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.201210-1843CI"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.200403-354OC"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMra0800353"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/thorax.58.8.680"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1513\/AnnalsATS.201310-350OC"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.201204-0596PP"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.1995.03520360071042"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_10_2","first-page":"191","article-title":"Moxifloxacin in the management of exacerbations of chronic bronchitis and COPD","volume":"2","author":"Miravitlles M","year":"2007","unstructured":"Miravitlles M. 2007. Moxifloxacin in the management of exacerbations of chronic bronchitis and COPD. 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