{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,9]],"date-time":"2026-10-09T14:47:36Z","timestamp":1791557256383,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":57,"publisher":"American Society for Microbiology","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2011,10,1]],"date-time":"2011-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1317427200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/non-commercial-tdm-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.asm.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Antimicrob Agents Chemother"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2011,10]]},"abstract":"ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n \n Aspergillus niger<\/jats:named-content>\n is a common clinical isolate. Multiple species comprise the\n Aspergillus<\/jats:named-content>\n section\n Nigri<\/jats:italic>\n and are separable using sequence data. The antifungal susceptibility of these cryptic species is not known. We determined the azole MICs of 50 black aspergilli, 45 from clinical specimens, using modified EUCAST (mEUCAST) and Etest methods. Phylogenetic trees were prepared using the internal transcribed spacer, beta-tubulin, and calmodulin sequences to identify strains to species level and the results were compared with those obtained with\n cyp51A<\/jats:italic>\n sequences. We attempted to correlate\n cyp51A<\/jats:italic>\n mutations with azole resistance. Etest MICs were significantly different from mEUCAST MICs (\n P<\/jats:italic>\n < 0.001), with geometric means of 0.77 and 2.79 mg\/liter, respectively. Twenty-six of 50 (52%) isolates were itraconazole resistant by mEUCAST (MICs > 8 mg\/liter), with limited cross-resistance to other azoles. Using combined beta-tubulin\/calmodulin sequences, the 45 clinical isolates grouped into 5 clades,\n A. awamori<\/jats:named-content>\n (55.6%),\n A. tubingensis<\/jats:named-content>\n (17.8%),\n A. niger<\/jats:named-content>\n (13.3%),\n A. acidus<\/jats:named-content>\n (6.7%), and an unknown group (6.7%), none of which were morphologically distinguishable. Itraconazole resistance was found in 36% of the isolates in the\n A. awamori<\/jats:named-content>\n group, 90% of the\n A. tubingensis<\/jats:named-content>\n group, 33% of the\n A. niger<\/jats:named-content>\n group, 100% of the\n A. acidus<\/jats:named-content>\n group, and 67% of the unknown group. These data suggest that\n cyp51A<\/jats:italic>\n mutations in section\n Nigri<\/jats:italic>\n may not play as important a role in azole resistance as in\n A. fumigatus<\/jats:named-content>\n , although some mutations (G427S, K97T) warrant further study. Numerous cryptic species are found in clinical isolates of the\n Aspergillus<\/jats:named-content>\n section\n Nigri<\/jats:italic>\n and are best reported as \u201c\n A. niger<\/jats:named-content>\n complex\u201d by clinical laboratories. Itraconazole resistance was common in this data set, but azole cross-resistance was unusual. The mechanism of resistance remains obscure.\n <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1128\/aac.00304-11","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2011,7,19]],"date-time":"2011-07-19T04:42:33Z","timestamp":1311050553000},"page":"4802-4809","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/asmj-crossmark-policy-page","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":135,"title":["Cryptic Species and Azole Resistance in the Aspergillus niger Complex"],"prefix":"10.1128","volume":"55","author":[{"given":"Susan J.","family":"Howard","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Translational Medicine, The University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Sciences Centre, Manchester, United Kingdom"},{"name":"Mycology Reference Centre, University Hospital of South Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Elizabeth","family":"Harrison","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Translational Medicine, The University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Sciences Centre, Manchester, United Kingdom"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Paul","family":"Bowyer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Translational Medicine, The University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Sciences Centre, Manchester, United Kingdom"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Janos","family":"Varga","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CBS-KNAW Biodiversity Centre, Utrecht, Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"David W.","family":"Denning","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Translational Medicine, The University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Sciences Centre, Manchester, United Kingdom"},{"name":"Mycology Reference Centre, University Hospital of South Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"235","reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1023\/B:ANTO.0000024907.85688.05"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_2","volume-title":"Abstr. 3rd Advances against Aspergillosis Conf.","author":"Albarrag A.","year":"2008","unstructured":"AlbarragA. 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