{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,12]],"date-time":"2026-03-12T02:39:08Z","timestamp":1773283148412,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":28,"publisher":"American Society for Microbiology","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2007,9,1]],"date-time":"2007-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1188604800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/non-commercial-tdm-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.asm.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Antimicrob Agents Chemother"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2007,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n          <jats:p>\n            Increasing numbers of\n            <jats:italic>Neisseria gonorrhoeae<\/jats:italic>\n            strains with decreased susceptibilities to ceftriaxone and other oral cephalosporins widely used for the treatment of gonorrhea have been isolated in Sydney, Australia, over several years. In this study, we examined the complete penicillin-binding protein 2 (PBP 2) amino acid sequences of 109 gonococci, selected on the basis of their diverse temporal and geographic origins and because they exhibited a range of ceftriaxone MICs: \u22640.03 \u03bcg\/ml (\n            <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n            = 59), 0.06 \u03bcg\/ml (\n            <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n            = 43), and 0.125 \u03bcg\/ml (\n            <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n            = 7). Auxotyping, serotyping, and genotyping by\n            <jats:italic>N. gonorrhoeae<\/jats:italic>\n            multiantigen sequence typing sequence-based analysis was also performed. In total, 20 different amino acid sequence patterns were identified, indicating considerable variation in the PBP 2 sequences in this study sample. Only some of the\n            <jats:italic>N. gonorrhoeae<\/jats:italic>\n            isolates with significantly higher ceftriaxone MICs contained a mosaic PBP 2 pattern, while more isolates exhibited a nonmosaic PBP 2 pattern containing an A501V substitution. Although particular\n            <jats:italic>N. gonorrhoeae<\/jats:italic>\n            genotypes in our sample were shown to be less susceptible to ceftriaxone, the reduced susceptibility to ceftriaxone was not specific to any particular genotype and was observed in a broad range of auxotypes, serotypes, and genotypes. Overall, the results of our study show that\n            <jats:italic>N. gonorrhoeae<\/jats:italic>\n            strains exhibiting reduced sensitivity to ceftriaxone are not of a particular subtype and that a number of different mutations in PBP 2 may contribute to this phenomenon.\n          <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1128\/aac.00306-07","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2007,6,26]],"date-time":"2007-06-26T00:53:40Z","timestamp":1182819220000},"page":"3111-3116","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/asmj-crossmark-policy-page","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":111,"title":["Diversity of\n            <i>penA<\/i>\n            Alterations and Subtypes in\n            <i>Neisseria gonorrhoeae<\/i>\n            Strains from Sydney, Australia, That Are Less Susceptible to Ceftriaxone"],"prefix":"10.1128","volume":"51","author":[{"given":"David M.","family":"Whiley","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Queensland Paediatric Infectious Diseases Laboratory, Sir Albert Sakzewski Virus Research Centre, Royal Children's Hospital and Health Service District, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia"},{"name":"Clinical Medical Virology Centre, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"E. Athena","family":"Limnios","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"WHO Collaborating Centre for STD and HIV, Microbiology Department, South Eastern Area Laboratory Services, Prince of Wales Hospital, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sanghamitra","family":"Ray","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"WHO Collaborating Centre for STD and HIV, Microbiology Department, South Eastern Area Laboratory Services, Prince of Wales Hospital, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Theo P.","family":"Sloots","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Queensland Paediatric Infectious Diseases Laboratory, Sir Albert Sakzewski Virus Research Centre, Royal Children's Hospital and Health Service District, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia"},{"name":"Clinical Medical Virology Centre, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia"},{"name":"Microbiology Division, Queensland Health Pathology Service, Royal Brisbane Hospital Campus, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia"},{"name":"Department of Paediatric and Child Health, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"John W.","family":"Tapsall","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"WHO Collaborating Centre for STD and HIV, Microbiology Department, South Eastern Area Laboratory Services, Prince of Wales Hospital, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"235","reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_1_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.46.12.3744-3749.2002"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_3_2","first-page":"205","volume":"30","year":"2006","unstructured":"Australian Gonococcal Surveillance Programme. 2006. Annual report of the Australian Gonococcal Surveillance Programme, 2005. Commun. Dis. Intell.30:205-210.","journal-title":"Commun. Dis. Intell."},{"key":"e_1_3_1_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2958.1990.tb00664.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_5_2","first-page":"117","year":"1988","unstructured":"Bygdeman, S. M. 1988. Polyclonal and monoclonal antibodies applied to the epidemiology of gonococcal infection, p. 117-166. In H. Young and A. McMillan (ed.), Immunological diagnosis of sexually transmitted diseases. Marcel Dekker, New York, NY.","journal-title":"Immunological diagnosis of sexually transmitted diseases."},{"key":"e_1_3_1_6_2","first-page":"332","volume":"56","year":"2007","unstructured":"Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. 2007. Update to CDC's sexually transmitted diseases treatment guidelines, 2006: fluoroquinolones no longer recommended for treatment of gonococcal infections. Morb. Mortal. Wkly. Rep.56:332-336.","journal-title":"Morb. Mortal. Wkly. 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W., and Members of the National Neisseria Network of Australia. 2004. Antimicrobial testing and applications in the pathogenic Neisseria, p. 173-186. In J. Merlino (ed.), Antimicrobial susceptibility testing: methods and practices with an Australian perspective. Australian Society for Microbiology, Sydney, Australia.","journal-title":"Antimicrobial susceptibility testing: methods and practices with an Australian perspective."},{"key":"e_1_3_1_26_2","first-page":"47","volume":"83","year":"2007","unstructured":"Unemo, M., H. H. Palmer, T. Blackmore, G. Herrera, H. Fredlund, E. A. Limnios, N. Nguyen, and J. Tapsall. 2007. Global transmission of prolyliminopeptidase-negative Neisseria gonorrhoeae strains: implications for changes in diagnostic strategies. Sex. Transm. Infect.83:47-51.","journal-title":"Sex. Transm. 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