{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,16]],"date-time":"2026-09-16T22:02:37Z","timestamp":1789596157722,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":27,"publisher":"American Society for Microbiology","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2012,6,1]],"date-time":"2012-06-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1338508800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/non-commercial-tdm-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.asm.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Antimicrob Agents Chemother"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2012,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n          <jats:p>\n            HIV-associated tuberculous meningitis (TBM) has high mortality. Aside from the devastating impact of multidrug resistance (MDR) on survival, little is understood about the influence of other bacterial factors on outcome. This study examined the influence of\n            <jats:named-content xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" content-type=\"genus-species\" xlink:type=\"simple\">Mycobacterium tuberculosis<\/jats:named-content>\n            drug resistance, bacterial lineage, and host vaccination status on outcome in patients with HIV-associated TBM.\n            <jats:named-content xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" content-type=\"genus-species\" xlink:type=\"simple\">Mycobacterium tuberculosis<\/jats:named-content>\n            isolates from the cerebrospinal fluid of 186 patients enrolled in two studies of HIV-associated TBM in Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam, were tested for resistance to first-line antituberculosis drugs. Lineage genotyping was available for 122 patients. The influence of antituberculosis drug resistance and\n            <jats:named-content xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" content-type=\"genus-species\" xlink:type=\"simple\">M. tuberculosis<\/jats:named-content>\n            lineage on 9-month mortality was analyzed using Kaplan-Meier survival analysis and Cox multiple regression models. Isoniazid (INH) resistance without rifampin resistance was associated with increased mortality (adjusted hazard ratio [HR], 1.78, 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.18 to 2.66;\n            <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n            = 0.005), and multidrug resistance was uniformly fatal (\n            <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n            = 8\/8; adjusted HR, 5.21, 95% CI, 2.38 to 11.42;\n            <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n            &lt; 0.0001). The hazard ratio for INH-resistant cases was greatest during the continuation phase of treatment (after 3 months; HR, 5.05 [95% CI, 2.23 to 11.44];\n            <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n            = 0.0001). Among drug-susceptible cases, patients infected with the \u201cmodern\u201d Beijing lineage strains had lower mortality than patients infected with the \u201cancient\u201d Indo-Oceanic lineage (HR, 0.29 [95% CI, 0.14 to 0.61];\n            <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n            = 0.001). Isoniazid resistance, multidrug resistance, and\n            <jats:named-content xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" content-type=\"genus-species\" xlink:type=\"simple\">M. tuberculosis<\/jats:named-content>\n            lineage are important determinants of mortality in patients with HIV-associated TBM. Interventions which target these factors may help reduce the unacceptably high mortality in patients with TBM.\n          <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1128\/aac.00319-12","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2012,4,3]],"date-time":"2012-04-03T04:58:03Z","timestamp":1333429083000},"page":"3074-3079","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/asmj-crossmark-policy-page","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":44,"title":["Influence of Antituberculosis Drug Resistance and Mycobacterium tuberculosis Lineage on Outcome in HIV-Associated Tuberculous Meningitis"],"prefix":"10.1128","volume":"56","author":[{"given":"Dau Quang","family":"Tho","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Oxford University Clinical Research Unit Vietnam, Wellcome Trust Major Overseas Programme, Hospital for Tropical Diseases, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"M. Est\u00e9e","family":"T\u00f6r\u00f6k","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Cambridge, Department of Medicine, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, United Kingdom"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nguyen Thi Bich","family":"Yen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pham Ngoc Thach Hospital, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nguyen Duc","family":"Bang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pham Ngoc Thach Hospital, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nguyen Thi Ngoc","family":"Lan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pham Ngoc Thach Hospital, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Vo Sy","family":"Kiet","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Oxford University Clinical Research Unit Vietnam, Wellcome Trust Major Overseas Programme, Hospital for Tropical Diseases, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nguyen","family":"van Vinh Chau","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hospital for Tropical Diseases, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nguyen Huy","family":"Dung","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pham Ngoc Thach Hospital, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jeremy","family":"Day","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Oxford University Clinical Research Unit Vietnam, Wellcome Trust Major Overseas Programme, Hospital for Tropical Diseases, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jeremy","family":"Farrar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Oxford University Clinical Research Unit Vietnam, Wellcome Trust Major Overseas Programme, Hospital for Tropical Diseases, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marcel","family":"Wolbers","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Oxford University Clinical Research Unit Vietnam, Wellcome Trust Major Overseas Programme, Hospital for Tropical Diseases, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maxine","family":"Caws","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Oxford University Clinical Research Unit Vietnam, Wellcome Trust Major Overseas Programme, Hospital for Tropical Diseases, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"235","reference":[{"issue":"11","key":"e_1_3_2_2_2","first-page":"1","article-title":"Treatment of tuberculosis","volume":"52","author":"American Thoracic Society, CDC, Infectious Diseases Society of America","year":"2003","unstructured":"American Thoracic Society, CDC, Infectious Diseases Society of America. 2003. Treatment of tuberculosis. MMWR Recommend. Rep. 52(RR-11):1\u201377.","journal-title":"MMWR Recommend. Rep."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"470","DOI":"10.1007\/s11910-007-0073-8","article-title":"Multidrug-resistant tuberculous meningitis","volume":"7","author":"Byrd TF","year":"2007","unstructured":"ByrdTF DavisLE. 2007. Multidrug-resistant tuberculous meningitis. Curr. Neurol. Neurosci. Rep. 7:470\u2013475.","journal-title":"Curr. Neurol. Neurosci. Rep."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.ppat.1000034"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.01181-06"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"279","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tube.2010.07.002","article-title":"Cerebrospinal fluid concentrations of antituberculosis agents in adults and children","volume":"90","author":"Donald PR","year":"2011","unstructured":"DonaldPR. 2011. Cerebrospinal fluid concentrations of antituberculosis agents in adults and children. Tuberculosis (Edinb.) 90:279\u2013292.","journal-title":"Tuberculosis (Edinb.)"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1719","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMp048227","article-title":"Tuberculous meningitis","volume":"351","author":"Donald PR","year":"2004","unstructured":"DonaldPR SchoemanJF. 2004. Tuberculous meningitis. N. Engl. J. Med. 351:1719\u20131720.","journal-title":"N. Engl. J. Med."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1473-3099(07)70108-1"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"25","DOI":"10.1186\/1745-6215-12-25","article-title":"Intensified treatment with high dose rifampicin and levofloxacin compared to standard treatment for adult patients with tuberculous meningitis (TBM-IT): protocol for a randomized controlled trial","volume":"12","author":"Heemskerk D","year":"2011","unstructured":"HeemskerkD. 2011. Intensified treatment with high dose rifampicin and levofloxacin compared to standard treatment for adult patients with tuberculous meningitis (TBM-IT): protocol for a randomized controlled trial. Trials 12:25.","journal-title":"Trials"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0023870"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-149-2-200807150-00008"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"367","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tube.2010.08.006","article-title":"HIV-associated tuberculous meningitis: diagnostic and therapeutic challenges","volume":"90","author":"Marais S","year":"2010","unstructured":"MaraisS PepperDJ MaraisBJ TorokME. 2010. HIV-associated tuberculous meningitis: diagnostic and therapeutic challenges. 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Dis."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_17_2","first-page":"160","article-title":"Drug resistance among smear-positive tuberculosis patients in Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam","volume":"10","author":"Quy HT","year":"2006","unstructured":"QuyHT. 2006. Drug resistance among smear-positive tuberculosis patients in Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam. Int. J. Tuberc. Lung Dis. 10:160\u2013166.","journal-title":"Int. J. Tuberc. Lung Dis."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_18_2","volume-title":"R: a language and environment for statistical computing","author":"R Development Core Team","year":"2010","unstructured":"R Development Core Team. 2010. R: a language and environment for statistical computing. 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