{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,30]],"date-time":"2026-09-30T16:20:11Z","timestamp":1790785211413,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":51,"publisher":"American Society for Microbiology","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2016,10,1]],"date-time":"2016-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1475280000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/non-commercial-tdm-license"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000001","name":"National Science Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["CHE-1408865"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CHE-1408865"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000001","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000057","name":"HHS | NIH | National Institute of General Medical Sciences","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["5 SC1 AI098238"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["5 SC1 AI098238"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000057","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000928","name":"Welch Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["AH-0033"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["AH-0033"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000928","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.asm.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Antimicrob Agents Chemother"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n          <jats:p>\n            Three compounds (1, 2, and 3) previously reported to inhibit HIV-1 replication and\/or\n            <jats:italic>in vitro<\/jats:italic>\n            activity of reverse transcriptase were studied, but only fullerene derivatives 1 and 2 showed strong antiviral activity on the replication of HIV-1 in human CD4\n            <jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\n            T cells. However, these compounds did not inhibit infection by single-round infection vesicular stomatitis virus glycoprotein G (VSV-G)-pseudotyped viruses, indicating no effect on the early steps of the viral life cycle. In contrast, analysis of single-round infection VSV-G-pseudotyped HIV-1 produced in the presence of compound 1 or 2 showed a complete lack of infectivity in human CD4\n            <jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\n            T cells, suggesting that the late stages of the HIV-1 life cycle were affected. Quantification of virion-associated viral RNA and p24 indicates that RNA packaging and viral production were unremarkable in these viruses. However, Gag and Gag-Pol processing was affected, as evidenced by immunoblot analysis with an anti-p24 antibody and the measurement of virion-associated reverse transcriptase activity, ratifying the effect of the fullerene derivatives on virion maturation of the HIV-1 life cycle. Surprisingly, fullerenes 1 and 2 did not inhibit HIV-1 protease in an\n            <jats:italic>in vitro<\/jats:italic>\n            assay at the doses that potently blocked viral infectivity, suggesting a protease-independent mechanism of action. Highlighting the potential therapeutic relevance of fullerene derivatives, these compounds block infection by HIV-1 resistant to protease and maturation inhibitors.\n          <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1128\/aac.00341-16","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,7,19]],"date-time":"2016-07-19T02:39:00Z","timestamp":1468895940000},"page":"5731-5741","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/asmj-crossmark-policy-page","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":78,"title":["Fullerene Derivatives Strongly Inhibit HIV-1 Replication by Affecting Virus Maturation without Impairing Protease Activity"],"prefix":"10.1128","volume":"60","author":[{"given":"Zachary S.","family":"Martinez","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biological Sciences, University of Texas at El Paso, El Paso, Texas, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Edison","family":"Castro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemistry, University of Texas at El Paso, El Paso, Texas, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chang-Soo","family":"Seong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biological Sciences, University of Texas at El Paso, El Paso, Texas, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maira R.","family":"Cer\u00f3n","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemistry, University of Texas at El Paso, El Paso, Texas, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Luis","family":"Echegoyen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemistry, University of Texas at El Paso, El Paso, Texas, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Manuel","family":"Llano","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biological Sciences, University of Texas at El Paso, El Paso, Texas, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"235","reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/COH.0000000000000011"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/COH.0000000000000004"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S2221-1691(13)60106-9"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2013\/481314"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/313853"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/jit107"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/318162a0"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2174\/092986711795656225"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_10_2","first-page":"639","article-title":"Medicinal applications of fullerenes","volume":"2","author":"Bakry R","year":"2007","unstructured":"Bakry R, Vallant RM, MNajam-ul-Haq Rainer M, Szabo Z, Huck CW, Bonn GK. 2007. 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