{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,20]],"date-time":"2026-10-20T01:52:31Z","timestamp":1792461151944,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":38,"publisher":"American Society for Microbiology","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2010,9,1]],"date-time":"2010-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1283299200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/non-commercial-tdm-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.asm.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Antimicrob Agents Chemother"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2010,9]]},"abstract":"ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n \n USA300 methicillin-resistant\n Staphylococcus aureus<\/jats:italic>\n (MRSA) isolates are usually resistant only to oxacillin, erythromycin, and, increasingly, levofloxacin. Of these, oxacillin and levofloxacin resistances are chromosomally encoded. Plasmid-mediated clindamycin, mupirocin, and\/or tetracycline resistance has been observed among USA300 isolates, but these descriptions were limited to specific patient populations or isolated occurrences. We examined the antimicrobial susceptibilities of invasive MRSA isolates from a national surveillance population in order to identify USA300 isolates with unusual, possibly emerging, plasmid-mediated antimicrobial resistance. DNA from these isolates was assayed for the presence of resistance determinants and the presence of a pSK41-like conjugative plasmid. Of 823 USA300 isolates, 72 (9%) were tetracycline resistant; 69 of these were doxycycline susceptible and\n tet<\/jats:italic>\n K<\/jats:italic>\n positive, and 3 were doxycycline resistant and\n tet<\/jats:italic>\n M<\/jats:italic>\n positive. Fifty-one (6.2%) isolates were clindamycin resistant and\n erm<\/jats:italic>\n C<\/jats:italic>\n positive; 22 (2.7%) isolates were high-level mupirocin resistant (\n mup<\/jats:italic>\n A<\/jats:italic>\n positive); 5 (0.6%) isolates were trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (TMP-SMZ) resistant, of which 4 were\n dfr<\/jats:italic>\n A<\/jats:italic>\n positive; and 7 (0.9%) isolates were gentamicin resistant and\n aac<\/jats:italic>\n 6<\/jats:italic>\n \u2032-\n aph<\/jats:italic>\n 2<\/jats:italic>\n \u2033 positive. Isolates with pSK41-like plasmids (\n n<\/jats:italic>\n = 24) were positive for\n mup<\/jats:italic>\n A<\/jats:italic>\n (\n n<\/jats:italic>\n = 19),\n dfr<\/jats:italic>\n A<\/jats:italic>\n (\n n<\/jats:italic>\n = 6),\n aac<\/jats:italic>\n 6<\/jats:italic>\n \u2032-\n aph<\/jats:italic>\n 2<\/jats:italic>\n \u2033 (\n n<\/jats:italic>\n = 6),\n tet<\/jats:italic>\n M<\/jats:italic>\n (\n n<\/jats:italic>\n = 2), and\n erm<\/jats:italic>\n C<\/jats:italic>\n (\n n<\/jats:italic>\n = 8); 20 pSK41-positive isolates were positive for two or more resistance genes. Conjugative transfer of resistance was demonstrated between four gentamicin- and mupirocin-resistant and three gentamicin- and TMP-SMZ-resistant USA300 isolates; transconjugants harbored a single pSK41-like plasmid, which was PCR positive for\n aac<\/jats:italic>\n 6<\/jats:italic>\n \u2032-\n aph<\/jats:italic>\n 2<\/jats:italic>\n \u2033 and either\n mup<\/jats:italic>\n A<\/jats:italic>\n and\/or\n dfr<\/jats:italic>\n A<\/jats:italic>\n . USA300 and USA100 isolates from the same state with identical resistance profiles contained pSK41-like plasmids with indistinguishable restriction and Southern blot profiles, suggesting horizontal plasmid transfer between USA100 and USA300 isolates.\n <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1128\/aac.00351-10","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2010,6,29]],"date-time":"2010-06-29T04:54:00Z","timestamp":1277787240000},"page":"3804-3811","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/asmj-crossmark-policy-page","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":142,"title":["Emergence of Resistance among USA300 Methicillin-Resistant\n Staphylococcus aureus<\/i>\n Isolates Causing Invasive Disease in the United States"],"prefix":"10.1128","volume":"54","author":[{"given":"Linda K.","family":"McDougal","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Healthcare Quality Promotion (G-08), Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia 30333"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gregory E.","family":"Fosheim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Healthcare Quality Promotion (G-08), Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia 30333"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ainsley","family":"Nicholson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Healthcare Quality Promotion (G-08), Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia 30333"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sandra N.","family":"Bulens","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Healthcare Quality Promotion (G-08), Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia 30333"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Brandi M.","family":"Limbago","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Healthcare Quality Promotion (G-08), Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia 30333"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Julia E. S.","family":"Shearer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Healthcare Quality Promotion (G-08), Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia 30333"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anne O.","family":"Summers","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Healthcare Quality Promotion (G-08), Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia 30333"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jean B.","family":"Patel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Healthcare Quality Promotion (G-08), Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia 30333"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"235","reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.24.1.70"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.35.12.2500"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2164-9-75"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JB.180.17.4350-4359.1998"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.plasmid.2009.03.001"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.00206-07"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_8_2","unstructured":"CLSI. 2009. Performance standards for antimicrobial susceptibility testing. Nineteenth informational supplement. Document M100-S19. 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A., and N. Firth. 1997. Molecular evolution of multiply-antibiotic-resistant staphylococci. Ciba Found. Symp.207:167-191.","journal-title":"Ciba Found. 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