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The aim of the present study was to investigate the phenotypic differences of CQ resistance in both of these species and the ability of known CQ resistance reversal agents (CQRRAs) to alter CQ susceptibility. Between April 2015 and April 2016, the potential of verapamil (VP), mibefradil (MF), L703,606 (L7), and primaquine (PQ) to reverse CQ resistance was assessed in 46\n            <jats:named-content content-type=\"genus-species\">P. falciparum<\/jats:named-content>\n            and 34\n            <jats:named-content content-type=\"genus-species\">P. vivax<\/jats:named-content>\n            clinical isolates in Papua, Indonesia, where CQ resistance is present in both species, using a modified schizont maturation assay. In\n            <jats:named-content content-type=\"genus-species\">P. falciparum<\/jats:named-content>\n            , CQ 50% inhibitory concentrations (IC\n            <jats:sub>50<\/jats:sub>\n            s) were reduced when CQ was combined with VP (1.4-fold), MF (1.2-fold), L7 (4.2-fold), or PQ (1.8-fold). The degree of CQ resistance reversal in\n            <jats:named-content content-type=\"genus-species\">P. falciparum<\/jats:named-content>\n            was highly correlated with CQ susceptibility for all CQRRAs (\n            <jats:italic>R<\/jats:italic>\n            <jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\n            = 0.951, 0.852, 0.962, and 0.901 for VP, MF, L7, and PQ, respectively), in line with observations in\n            <jats:named-content content-type=\"genus-species\">P. falciparum<\/jats:named-content>\n            laboratory strains. In contrast, no reduction in the CQ IC\n            <jats:sub>50<\/jats:sub>\n            s was observed with any of the CQRRAs in\n            <jats:named-content content-type=\"genus-species\">P. vivax<\/jats:named-content>\n            , even in those isolates with high chloroquine IC\n            <jats:sub>50<\/jats:sub>\n            s. The differential effect of CQRRAs in\n            <jats:named-content content-type=\"genus-species\">P. falciparum<\/jats:named-content>\n            and\n            <jats:named-content content-type=\"genus-species\">P. vivax<\/jats:named-content>\n            suggests significant differences in CQ kinetics and, potentially, the likely mechanism of CQ resistance between these two species.\n          <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1128\/aac.00355-17","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,5,23]],"date-time":"2017-05-23T00:31:13Z","timestamp":1495499473000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/asmj-crossmark-policy-page","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["Plasmodium falciparum and Plasmodium vivax Demonstrate Contrasting Chloroquine Resistance Reversal Phenotypes"],"prefix":"10.1128","volume":"61","author":[{"given":"Grennady","family":"Wirjanata","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Global and Tropical Health Division, Menzies School of Health Research, Charles Darwin University, Casuarina, Darwin, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Irene","family":"Handayuni","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Global and Tropical Health Division, Menzies School of Health Research, Charles Darwin University, Casuarina, Darwin, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Pak","family":"Prayoga","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Papuan Health and Community Development Foundation (PHCDF), Timika, Papua, Indonesia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Leo","family":"Leonardo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Papuan Health and Community Development Foundation (PHCDF), Timika, Papua, Indonesia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dwi","family":"Apriyanti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Eijkman Institute for Molecular Biology, Jakarta, Indonesia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Leily","family":"Trianty","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Eijkman Institute for Molecular Biology, Jakarta, Indonesia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ruland","family":"Wandosa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Papuan Health and Community Development Foundation (PHCDF), Timika, Papua, Indonesia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Basbak","family":"Gobay","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Papuan Health and Community Development Foundation (PHCDF), Timika, Papua, Indonesia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Enny","family":"Kenangalem","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Papuan Health and Community Development Foundation (PHCDF), Timika, Papua, Indonesia"},{"name":"District Health Authority, Timika, Papua, Indonesia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jeanne Rini","family":"Poespoprodjo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Papuan Health and Community Development Foundation (PHCDF), Timika, Papua, Indonesia"},{"name":"District Health Authority, Timika, Papua, Indonesia"},{"name":"Department of Paediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Gadjah Mada University, Yogyakarta, Indonesia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rintis","family":"Noviyanti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Eijkman Institute for Molecular Biology, Jakarta, Indonesia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dennis E.","family":"Kyle","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Global Health, University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Qin","family":"Cheng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Australian Army Malaria 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