{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,30]],"date-time":"2026-07-30T12:47:26Z","timestamp":1785415646233,"version":"3.56.0"},"reference-count":14,"publisher":"American Society for Microbiology","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,1]],"date-time":"2026-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1782864000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,1]],"date-time":"2026-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1782864000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/non-commercial-tdm-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.asm.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Antimicrob Agents Chemother"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title\/>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Combination antimicrobial treatment for endocarditis secondary to Enterobacterales may be associated with clinical benefits, but this benefit comes with an increased risk of adverse drug reactions (ADRs). We hypothesized that short-course combination therapy would optimize clinical benefits while minimizing ADRs. This was a retrospective, multicenter study of adult patients with definitive endocarditis secondary to Enterobacterales. Short-course combination treatment was defined as receipt of combination therapy for \u226414 days. Seventy-three patients met the inclusion criteria.\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Serratia marcescens<\/jats:italic>\n                      was the most common pathogen and was recovered in 62% (45\/73) of patients. Patients who received short-course combination treatment were more likely to be admitted prior to 2016 (44% [12\/27] vs 17% [8\/46],\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 0.012) and to receive an aminoglycoside in combination regimens (63% [17\/27] vs 28% [13\/46],\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 0.013). Patients who received short-course combination treatment had a shorter post-infection length of stay (18 [13\u201325] days vs 29 [20\u201342],\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 0.021), but no significant difference in the rate of discontinuation of antimicrobial therapy due to an ADR (26% [7\/27] vs 24% [11\/46],\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 0.847). In the multivariate logistic regression model, short-course combination treatment was not associated with a higher risk of 90-day mortality (OR = 2.89; 95% CI: 0.63\u201313.35;\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 0.175). This is the first study to compare short- and long-duration combination therapy in patients with Enterobacterales endocarditis. Overall, shorter courses of combination therapy were commonly prescribed, which supports future studies that are designed to identify the optimal duration of combination therapy for patients with Enterobacterales endocarditis.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1128\/aac.00357-26","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,28]],"date-time":"2026-05-28T13:28:47Z","timestamp":1779974927000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/asmj-crossmark-policy-page","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Evaluation of combination therapy duration for endocarditis secondary to Enterobacterales"],"prefix":"10.1128","volume":"70","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8873-1451","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Sunish","family":"Shah","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/024vfsp92","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"Antibiotic Management Program, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center","place":["Pittsburgh, USA"]},{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/024vfsp92","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"Department of Pharmacy, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center","place":["Pittsburgh, USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jake","family":"Smith","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/024vfsp92","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"Antibiotic Management Program, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center","place":["Pittsburgh, USA"]},{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/01an3r305","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh","place":["Pittsburgh, USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Brandon J.","family":"Smith","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/024vfsp92","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"Antibiotic Management Program, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center","place":["Pittsburgh, USA"]},{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/01an3r305","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh","place":["Pittsburgh, USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9794-5665","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Ryan K.","family":"Shields","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/024vfsp92","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"Antibiotic Management Program, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center","place":["Pittsburgh, USA"]},{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/01an3r305","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh","place":["Pittsburgh, USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"235","reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/jac\/dkad254"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archinte.1980.00330140057018"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-84-1-29"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ofid\/ofaf036"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/jac\/dkae205"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/MD.0b013e3181b8bedc"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/jac\/dkaf432"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/CIR.0000000000000296"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ofid\/ofad052"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/eurheartj\/ehv319"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0237011"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ofid\/ofab327"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejim.2021.04.021"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/515038"}],"container-title":["Antimicrobial 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