{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,3]],"date-time":"2026-03-03T12:15:48Z","timestamp":1772540148344,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":47,"publisher":"American Society for Microbiology","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2013,7,1]],"date-time":"2013-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1372636800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/non-commercial-tdm-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.asm.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Antimicrob Agents Chemother"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2013,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n          <jats:p>\n            The clinical management of human brucellosis is still challenging and demands\n            <jats:italic>in vitro<\/jats:italic>\n            active antibiotics capable of targeting the pathogen-harboring intracellular compartments. A sustained release of the antibiotic at the site of infection would make it possible to reduce the number of required doses and thus the treatment-associated toxicity. In this study, a hydrophobically modified gentamicin, gentamicin-AOT [AOT is bis(2-ethylhexyl) sulfosuccinate sodium salt], was either microstructured or encapsulated in poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) nanoparticles. The efficacy of the formulations developed was studied both\n            <jats:italic>in vitro<\/jats:italic>\n            and\n            <jats:italic>in vivo<\/jats:italic>\n            . Gentamicin formulations reduced\n            <jats:named-content xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" content-type=\"genus-species\" xlink:type=\"simple\">Brucella<\/jats:named-content>\n            infection in experimentally infected THP-1 monocytes (&gt;2-log\n            <jats:sub>10<\/jats:sub>\n            unit reduction) when using clinically relevant concentrations (18 mg\/liter). Moreover,\n            <jats:italic>in vivo<\/jats:italic>\n            studies demonstrated that gentamicin-AOT-loaded nanoparticles efficiently targeted the drug both to the liver and the spleen and maintained an antibiotic therapeutic concentration for up to 4 days in both organs. This resulted in an improved efficacy of the antibiotic in experimentally infected mice. Thus, while 14 doses of free gentamicin did not alter the course of the infection, only 4 doses of gentamicin-AOT-loaded nanoparticles reduced the splenic infection by 3.23 logs and eliminated it from 50% of the infected mice with no evidence of adverse toxic effects. These results strongly suggest that PLGA nanoparticles containing chemically modified hydrophobic gentamicin may be a promising alternative for the treatment of human brucellosis.\n          <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1128\/aac.00378-13","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2013,5,7]],"date-time":"2013-05-07T03:58:33Z","timestamp":1367899113000},"page":"3326-3333","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/asmj-crossmark-policy-page","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":41,"title":["Hydrophobic Gentamicin-Loaded Nanoparticles Are Effective against Brucella melitensis Infection in Mice"],"prefix":"10.1128","volume":"57","author":[{"given":"Edurne","family":"Imbuluzqueta","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Technology, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Carlos","family":"Gamazo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hugo","family":"Lana","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Technology, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Miguel \u00c1ngel","family":"Campanero","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Servicio de Farmacolog\u00eda Cl\u00ednica, Cl\u00ednica Universidad de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"David","family":"Salas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Nutritional Sciences, Physiology and Toxicology, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ana Gloria","family":"Gil","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Nutritional Sciences, Physiology and Toxicology, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Elisa","family":"Elizondo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Molecular Nanoscience and Organic Materials, Institut de Ci\u00e8ncia de Materials de Barcelona, Campus de la Universitat Aut\u00f2noma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Spain"},{"name":"CIBER de Bioingenier\u00eda, Biomateriales y Nanomedicina, Bellaterra, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Nora","family":"Ventosa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Molecular Nanoscience and Organic Materials, Institut de Ci\u00e8ncia de Materials de Barcelona, Campus de la Universitat Aut\u00f2noma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Spain"},{"name":"CIBER de Bioingenier\u00eda, Biomateriales y Nanomedicina, Bellaterra, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jaume","family":"Veciana","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Molecular Nanoscience and Organic Materials, Institut de Ci\u00e8ncia de Materials de Barcelona, Campus de la Universitat Aut\u00f2noma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Spain"},{"name":"CIBER de Bioingenier\u00eda, Biomateriales y Nanomedicina, Bellaterra, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mar\u00eda J.","family":"Blanco-Prieto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Technology, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"235","reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1473-3099(06)70382-6"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijid.2009.06.031"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijid.2012.12.030"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"JelastopuluE\nMerekouliasG\nAlexopoulosEC. 2010. 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