{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,2]],"date-time":"2026-09-02T17:17:18Z","timestamp":1788369438208,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":48,"publisher":"American Society for Microbiology","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,2]],"date-time":"2026-09-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1788307200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,2]],"date-time":"2026-09-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1788307200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/non-commercial-tdm-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.asm.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Antimicrob Agents Chemother"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title\/>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Reduced susceptibility to extended-spectrum cephalosporins in\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Neisseria gonorrhoeae<\/jats:italic>\n                      is primarily mediated by structural alterations in penicillin-binding protein 2 (PBP2), encoded by\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">penA<\/jats:italic>\n                      , frequently arising through interspecies recombination with commensal\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Neisseria<\/jats:italic>\n                      . While mosaic\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">penA<\/jats:italic>\n                      diversity has been extensively characterized in coccoid\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Neisseria<\/jats:italic>\n                      species, rod-shaped commensals such as\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Neisseria bacilliformis<\/jats:italic>\n                      remain poorly explored. Here, we investigated the \u03b2-lactam target repertoire of\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">N. bacilliformis<\/jats:italic>\n                      using whole-genome sequencing, comparative genomics, mutation profiling, and structural modeling. Fifteen\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">N. bacilliformis<\/jats:italic>\n                      genomes were analyzed, including eight isolates with elevated ceftriaxone minimum inhibitory concentrations (MIC) (range 0.094\u20131 \u00b5g\/mL; median 0.5 \u00b5g\/mL). Interrogation of the PubMLST locus NEIS1753 did not identify matches under default parameters. However,\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">de novo<\/jats:italic>\n                      annotation revealed a syntenic high-molecular-mass transpeptidase annotated as\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">ftsI<\/jats:italic>\n                      , occupying the conserved\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">rsmH-ftsL-ftsI-murE<\/jats:italic>\n                      chromosomal context observed in\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">N. gonorrhoeae<\/jats:italic>\n                      . BLASTP analysis demonstrated ~59%\u201361% amino-acid identity to gonococcal PBP2. Structural modeling using AlphaFold and template-based approaches confirmed preservation of the canonical class B penicillin-binding protein fold, including conserved catalytic motifs. Across 24 positions previously associated with altered cephalosporin susceptibility in gonococci, multiple canonical substitutions were conserved in\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">N. bacilliformis<\/jats:italic>\n                      , alongside lineage-specific variants not reported in\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">N. gonorrhoeae<\/jats:italic>\n                      . Interestingly, polymorphism at positions A328 and A341 was observed in isolates with higher MICs (1 \u00b5g\/mL). Definitive genotype-phenotype associations could not be established. Recombination analysis did not identify discrete parental donors but suggested a complex evolutionary history. These findings demonstrate that\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">N. bacilliformis<\/jats:italic>\n                      encodes a structurally conserved PBP2 homolog annotated as FtsI and expand the landscape of \u03b2-lactam target diversity within the genus\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Neisseria<\/jats:italic>\n                      .\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1128\/aac.00392-26","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,23]],"date-time":"2026-07-23T14:57:07Z","timestamp":1784818627000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/asmj-crossmark-policy-page","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Extension of\n                    <i>penA<\/i>\n                    diversity within the genus\n                    <i>Neisseria<\/i>\n                    : characterization of a\n                    <i>penA\/ftsI<\/i>\n                    homolog in\n                    <i>Neisseria bacilliformis<\/i>\n                    associated with elevated ceftriaxone MICs"],"prefix":"10.1128","volume":"70","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8421-5137","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Sheeba Santhini","family":"Manoharan-Basil","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Sciences, Institute of Tropical Medicine Antwerp","place":["Antwerp, Belgium"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tessa","family":"de Block","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Sciences, Institute of Tropical Medicine Antwerp","place":["Antwerp, Belgium"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5918-2297","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Izumo","family":"Kanesaka","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Sciences, Institute of Tropical Medicine Antwerp","place":["Antwerp, Belgium"]},{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/02hcx7n63","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"Department of Infection Control and Prevention, Faculty of Nursing, Toho University","place":["Tokyo, Japan"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sa\u00efd","family":"Abdellati","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Sciences, Institute of Tropical Medicine Antwerp","place":["Antwerp, Belgium"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Thibaut","family":"Vanbaelen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Sciences, Institute of Tropical Medicine Antwerp","place":["Antwerp, Belgium"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2557-8998","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Chris","family":"Kenyon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Sciences, Institute of Tropical Medicine Antwerp","place":["Antwerp, Belgium"]},{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/03p74gp79","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"Department of Medicine, University of Cape Town","place":["Cape Town, South Africa"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"235","reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_4_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1099\/mic.0.000086"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-019-50203-2"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/jcm.26.5.896-900.1988"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_5_2","first-page":"177","volume-title":"Annales de l\u2019Institut Pasteur\/Microbiologie","author":"Guibourdenche M","year":"1986","unstructured":"Guibourdenche M, Popoff MY, Riou JY. 1986. Deoxyribonucleic acid relatedness among, p 177\u2013185. In Neisseria Gonorrhoeae , N Meningitidis, Lactamica N, Cinerea N, Polysaccharea Neisseria (ed), Annales de l\u2019Institut Pasteur\/Microbiologie. Elsevier."},{"key":"e_1_3_4_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02148705"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02124646"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_8_2","volume-title":"Bergey\u2019s manual of determinative bacteriology","author":"Bergey DH","year":"1994","unstructured":"Bergey DH. 1994. Bergey\u2019s manual of determinative bacteriology. Lippincott Williams & Wilkins."},{"key":"e_1_3_4_9_2","volume-title":"Order IV. neisseriales ord. nov. bergeys manual of systematic bacteriology","author":"T\u00f8njum T","year":"2005","unstructured":"T\u00f8njum T. 2005. Edited by D. J. Brenner, N. R. Krieg, J. T. Staley, and G. M. Garrity. Order IV. neisseriales ord. nov. bergeys manual of systematic bacteriology. 2nd edn. 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