{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,6]],"date-time":"2026-03-06T08:10:25Z","timestamp":1772784625817,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":27,"publisher":"American Society for Microbiology","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2011,7,1]],"date-time":"2011-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1309478400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/non-commercial-tdm-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.asm.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Antimicrob Agents Chemother"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2011,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n          <jats:p>\n            We developed a novel model of onychomycosis in which we observed fungi in the deep layer of the nail, and we used the model to evaluate the efficacy of two topical antifungal drugs. To establish an experimental,\n            <jats:italic>in vivo<\/jats:italic>\n            model of onychomycosis, we applied\n            <jats:named-content xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" content-type=\"genus-species\" xlink:type=\"simple\">Trichophyton mentagrophytes<\/jats:named-content>\n            TIMM2789 to the nails of the hind limbs of rabbits that underwent steroid treatment. The nails were taken from the rabbits' feet at 0, 2, and 6 weeks after a 2-week infection. The localization of the fungi was evaluated histopathologically. Some fungi were seen to penetrate to the nail bed, and the infection rate in the sample at 0, 2, and 6 weeks after infection was 57, 87, and 93%, respectively. In addition, fungi proliferated and moved proximally into the nail plate in a manner that depended on the duration of infection. Second, using this model we evaluated antifungal efficacy both by the culture recovery method and histopathological examination. Two topical antifungal drugs, 8% ciclopirox nail lacquer and 5% amorolfine nail lacquer, were applied to the nail for 4 weeks in each group. On histopathological examination, two antifungal treatment groups showed no significant difference against the nontreated control group. However, there were a significantly low fungus-positive rate and intensity of the recovery of fungi on culture between antifungal treatment and nontreated control groups. We therefore suggest that we have established an\n            <jats:italic>in vivo<\/jats:italic>\n            model of onychomycosis that is useful for the evaluation of the efficacy of antifungal agents.\n          <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1128\/aac.00399-11","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2011,5,10]],"date-time":"2011-05-10T05:02:15Z","timestamp":1305003735000},"page":"3150-3155","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/asmj-crossmark-policy-page","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":17,"title":["Establishment of a Novel Model of Onychomycosis in Rabbits for Evaluation of Antifungal Agents"],"prefix":"10.1128","volume":"55","author":[{"given":"Tsuyoshi","family":"Shimamura","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"R&amp;D Laboratories, Pola Pharma Inc., 560 Kashio-cho, Totsuka-ku, Yokohama 244-0812, Japan"},{"name":"Department of Surgical Pathology, Toho University Omori Medical Center, 6-11-1 Omori-nishi Ota-ku, Tokyo 143-8541, Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Nobuo","family":"Kubota","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"R&amp;D Laboratories, Pola Pharma Inc., 560 Kashio-cho, Totsuka-ku, Yokohama 244-0812, Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Saori","family":"Nagasaka","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"R&amp;D Laboratories, Pola Pharma Inc., 560 Kashio-cho, Totsuka-ku, Yokohama 244-0812, Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Taku","family":"Suzuki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dermatology, Toho University Ohashi Medical Center, 2-17-6 Ohashi, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 153-8515, Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hideki","family":"Mukai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dermatology, Toho University Ohashi Medical Center, 2-17-6 Ohashi, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 153-8515, Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kazutoshi","family":"Shibuya","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Surgical Pathology, Toho University Omori Medical Center, 6-11-1 Omori-nishi Ota-ku, Tokyo 143-8541, Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"235","reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1006867413987"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_3_2","first-page":"77","article-title":"Onychomycosis; an experimental study","volume":"27","author":"Casanovas M.","year":"1956","unstructured":"CasanovasM. 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