{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,19]],"date-time":"2026-09-19T21:52:51Z","timestamp":1789854771170,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":35,"publisher":"American Society for Microbiology","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2007,8,1]],"date-time":"2007-08-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1185926400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/non-commercial-tdm-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.asm.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Antimicrob Agents Chemother"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2007,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n          <jats:p>\n            Clinical isolates of\n            <jats:italic>Neisseria meningitidis<\/jats:italic>\n            with reduced susceptibility to penicillin G (intermediate isolates, Pen\n            <jats:sup>I<\/jats:sup>\n            ) harbor alterations in the\n            <jats:italic>penA<\/jats:italic>\n            gene encoding the penicillin binding protein 2 (PBP2). A 402-bp DNA fragment in the 3\u2032 half of\n            <jats:italic>penA<\/jats:italic>\n            was sequenced from a collection of 1,670 meningococcal clinical isolates from 22 countries that spanned 60 years. Phenotyping, genotyping, and the determination of MICs of penicillin G were also performed. A total of 139 different\n            <jats:italic>penA<\/jats:italic>\n            alleles were detected with 38 alleles that were highly related, clustered together in maximum-likelihood analysis and corresponded to the penicillin G-susceptible isolates. The remaining 101\n            <jats:italic>penA<\/jats:italic>\n            alleles were highly diverse, corresponded to different genotypes or phenotypes, and accounted for 38% of isolates, but no clonal expansion was detected. Analysis of the altered alleles that were represented by at least five isolates showed high correlation with the Pen\n            <jats:sup>I<\/jats:sup>\n            phenotype. The deduced amino acid sequence of the corresponding PBP2 comprised five amino acid residues that were always altered. This correlation was not complete for rare alleles, suggesting that other mechanisms may also be involved in conferring reduced susceptibility to penicillin. Evidence of mosaic structures through events of interspecies recombination was also detected in altered alleles. A new website was created based on the data from this work (\n            <jats:ext-link xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" ext-link-type=\"url\" xlink:href=\"http:\/\/neisseria.org\/nm\/typing\/penA\">http:\/\/neisseria.org\/nm\/typing\/penA<\/jats:ext-link>\n            ). These data argue for the use of\n            <jats:italic>penA<\/jats:italic>\n            sequencing to identify isolates with reduced susceptibility to penicillin G and as a tool to improve typing of meningococcal isolates, as well as to analyze DNA exchange among\n            <jats:italic>Neisseria<\/jats:italic>\n            species.\n          <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1128\/aac.00412-07","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2007,5,22]],"date-time":"2007-05-22T16:35:23Z","timestamp":1179851723000},"page":"2784-2792","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/asmj-crossmark-policy-page","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":110,"title":["Target Gene Sequencing To Characterize the Penicillin G Susceptibility of\n            <i>Neisseria meningitidis<\/i>"],"prefix":"10.1128","volume":"51","author":[{"given":"Muhamed-Kheir","family":"Taha","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Neisseria Unit, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Julio A.","family":"Va\u0301zquez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Reference Laboratory for Neisserias, National Center for Microbiology, Institute of Health Carlos III, Majadahonda, Madrid, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Eva","family":"Hong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Neisseria Unit, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Desiree E.","family":"Bennett","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Epidemiology and Molecular Biology Unit and Irish Meningococcal and Meningitis Reference Laboratory, The Children's University Hospital, Dublin, Ireland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sophie","family":"Bertrand","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Reference Centre for Neisseria meningitidis, Bacteriology division, Scientific Institute of Public Health, Brussels, Belgium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Suzana","family":"Bukovski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University Hospital for Infectious Diseases, Zagreb, Croatia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mary T.","family":"Cafferkey","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Epidemiology and Molecular Biology Unit and Irish Meningococcal and Meningitis Reference Laboratory, The Children's University Hospital, Dublin, Ireland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Franc\u0327oise","family":"Carion","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Reference Centre for Neisseria meningitidis, Bacteriology division, Scientific Institute of Public Health, Brussels, Belgium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jens J\u00f8rgen","family":"Christensen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Neisseria and Streptococcus Reference laboratory, Statens Serum Institut, Copenhagen, Denmark"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mathew","family":"Diggle","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Scottish Meningococcus and Pneumococcus Reference Laboratory, Stobhill Hospital, Glasgow, United Kingdom"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Giles","family":"Edwards","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Scottish Meningococcus and Pneumococcus Reference Laboratory, Stobhill Hospital, Glasgow, United Kingdom"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Roci\u0301o","family":"Enri\u0301quez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Reference Laboratory for Neisserias, National Center for Microbiology, Institute of Health Carlos III, Majadahonda, Madrid, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Cecilia","family":"Fazio","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Infectious, Parasitic, and Immune-mediated Diseases, Istituto Superiore di Sanita\u0300, Rome, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Matthias","family":"Frosch","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Hygiene and Microbiology, National Reference Center for Meningococci, University of Wu\u0308rzburg, Wu\u0308rzburg, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sigrid","family":"Heuberger","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Reference Centre for Meningococci, Austrian Agency for Health and Food Safety, Graz, Austria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Steen","family":"Hoffmann","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Neisseria and Streptococcus Reference laboratory, Statens Serum Institut, Copenhagen, Denmark"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Keith A.","family":"Jolley","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Peter Medawar Building and Department of Zoology, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marcin","family":"Kadlubowski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Reference Centre for Bacterial Meningitis, National Medicine Institute, Warsaw, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Amel","family":"Kechrid","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Ho\u0302pital d'Enfants, Tunis, Tunisia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Konstantinos","family":"Kesanopoulos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Meningitis Reference Laboratory, National School of Public Health, Athens, Greece"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Paula","family":"Kriz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Reference Laboratory for Meningococcal Infections, National Institute of Public Health, Prague, Czech Republic"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lotte","family":"Lambertsen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Neisseria and Streptococcus Reference laboratory, Statens Serum Institut, Copenhagen, Denmark"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ileanna","family":"Levenet","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cantacusino Institute, Bucharest, Romania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Martin","family":"Musilek","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Reference Laboratory for Meningococcal Infections, National Institute of Public Health, Prague, Czech Republic"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Metka","family":"Paragi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Public Health, Communicable Diseases Centre, Ljubljana, Slovenia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Aouatef","family":"Saguer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Ho\u0302pital d'Enfants, Tunis, Tunisia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anna","family":"Skoczynska","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Neisseria Unit, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France"},{"name":"National Reference Centre for Bacterial Meningitis, National Medicine Institute, Warsaw, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Paola","family":"Stefanelli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Infectious, Parasitic, and Immune-mediated Diseases, Istituto Superiore di Sanita\u0300, Rome, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sara","family":"Thulin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Reference Laboratory for Pathogenic Neisseria, O\u0308rebro University Hospital, O\u0308rebro, Sweden"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Georgina","family":"Tzanakaki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Meningitis Reference Laboratory, National School of Public Health, Athens, Greece"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Magnus","family":"Unemo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Reference Laboratory for Pathogenic Neisseria, O\u0308rebro University Hospital, O\u0308rebro, Sweden"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ulrich","family":"Vogel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Hygiene and Microbiology, National Reference Center for Meningococci, University of Wu\u0308rzburg, Wu\u0308rzburg, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maria Leticia","family":"Zarantonelli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Neisseria Unit, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"235","reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0882-4010(88)90045-9"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1099\/0022-1317-51-12-1102"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/25.17.3389"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.46.12.3744-3749.2002"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M304607200"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/377739"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/jac\/47.3.285"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.48.1.358-359.2004"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_10_2","first-page":"89","year":"2001","unstructured":"Block, C. 2001. Antibiotic susceptibility testing, p. 89-106. In A. J. Pollard and M. C. J. Maiden (ed.), Meningococcal disease: methods and protocols. Humana Press, Inc., Totowa, NJ.","journal-title":"Meningococcal disease: methods and protocols."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0950268800066449"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1699-0463.1998.tb01379.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.39.9.3066-3071.2001"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.43.9.4649-4653.2005"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_15_2","first-page":"515","volume":"4","year":"2002","unstructured":"Diggle, M. A., and S. C. Clarke. 2002. Rapid assignment of nucleotide sequence data to allele types for multi-locus sequence analysis (MLSA) of bacteria using an adapted database and modified alignment program. J. Mol. Microbiol. Biotechnol.4:515-517.","journal-title":"J. Mol. Microbiol. Biotechnol."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1084677"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/10635150390235520"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_18_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/bioinformatics\/17.12.1230"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_19_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.95.6.3140"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_20_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00182389"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_21_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1574-6976.2006.00059.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_22_2","unstructured":"Surveillance of bacterial meningitis in Europe 1999-2000. 2001"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_23_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0924-8579(01)00362-4"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_24_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199703063361007"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_25_2","first-page":"54","volume":"336","year":"1990","unstructured":"Saez Nieto, J. A., J. A. V\u00e1zquez, and C. Marcos. 1990. Meningococci moderately resistant to penicillin. Lancet336:54.","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_26_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.8153626"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_27_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00182388"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_28_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1385\/MB:32:3:219"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_29_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.42.9.4158-4163.2004"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_30_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.50.3.887-892.2006"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_31_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1099\/mic.0.26131-0"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_32_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.00353-06"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_33_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.72.10.5955-5962.2004"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_34_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.47.11.3430-3434.2003"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_35_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2958.1995.tb02275.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_36_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.42.11.5146-5153.2004"}],"container-title":["Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/doi\/pdf\/10.1128\/AAC.00412-07","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/doi\/pdf\/10.1128\/AAC.00412-07","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2022,2,21]],"date-time":"2022-02-21T19:21:49Z","timestamp":1645471309000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/doi\/10.1128\/AAC.00412-07"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2007,8]]},"references-count":35,"journal-issue":{"issue":"8","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2007,8]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1128\/AAC.00412-07"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/aac.00412-07","relation":{},"ISSN":["0066-4804","1098-6596"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0066-4804","type":"print"},{"value":"1098-6596","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2007,8]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2007-03-26","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2007-05-11","order":1,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2007-08-01","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}