{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,29]],"date-time":"2026-09-29T18:55:45Z","timestamp":1790708145408,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":60,"publisher":"American Society for Microbiology","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,7,22]],"date-time":"2020-07-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1595376000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/non-commercial-tdm-license"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000060","name":"HHS | NIH | National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["R56AI126881"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R56AI126881"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000060","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000060","name":"HHS | NIH | National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["R01AI139261"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R01AI139261"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000060","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.asm.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Antimicrob Agents Chemother"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,7,22]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    Chromosomal resistance to metronidazole has emerged in clinical\n                    <jats:named-content content-type=\"genus-species\">Clostridioides difficile<\/jats:named-content>\n                    isolates, but the genetic mechanisms remain unclear. This is further hindered by the inability to generate spontaneous metronidazole-resistant mutants in the lab to interpret genetic variations in clinical isolates. We therefore constructed a mismatch repair mutator in nontoxigenic ATCC 700057 to survey the mutational landscape for\n                    <jats:italic>de novo<\/jats:italic>\n                    resistance mechanisms. In separate experimental evolutions, the mutator adopted a deterministic path to resistance, with truncation of the ferrous iron transporter FeoB1 as a first-step mechanism of low-level resistance.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1128\/aac.00415-20","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,5,27]],"date-time":"2020-05-27T10:16:18Z","timestamp":1590574578000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/asmj-crossmark-policy-page","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":37,"title":["Chromosomal Resistance to Metronidazole in Clostridioides difficile Can Be Mediated by Epistasis between Iron Homeostasis and Oxidoreductases"],"prefix":"10.1128","volume":"64","author":[{"given":"Aditi","family":"Deshpande","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Infectious and Inflammatory Diseases, Institute of Biosciences and Technology, Texas A&amp;M Health Science Center, Houston, Texas, 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