{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,30]],"date-time":"2026-07-30T12:11:04Z","timestamp":1785413464397,"version":"3.56.0"},"reference-count":37,"publisher":"American Society for Microbiology","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,10]],"date-time":"2025-12-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1765324800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,10]],"date-time":"2025-12-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1765324800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/non-commercial-tdm-license"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001665","name":"Agence Nationale de la Recherche","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["ANR-22-PAMR-0003"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["ANR-22-PAMR-0003"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001665","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.asm.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Antimicrob Agents Chemother"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title\/>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      While associations of antibiotic resistance traits are not random in multidrug-resistant (MDR) bacteria, clinically relevant resistance patterns remain underexplored. This study used association-set mining to explore resistance associations within\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">E. coli<\/jats:italic>\n                      isolates from community-acquired urinary tract infection isolates collected from 2018 to 2022 by France\u2019s national surveillance system. Association-set mining was applied separately to extended-spectrum beta-lactamase-producing\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">E. coli<\/jats:italic>\n                      (ESBL-EC) and non-ESBL-EC. MDR patterns with expected support (reflecting pattern frequency) and conditional lift (reflecting association strength) higher than expected by chance (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>\n                      -value \u2264 0.05) were used to construct resistance association networks and analyzed according to time, age, and gender. The number of isolates increased from 360,287 in 2018 to 629,017 in 2022. More MDR patterns were selected in ESBL-EC than non-ESBL-EC (2022: 1770 vs 93 patterns), with higher respective network densities (2022: 0.301 vs 0.100). Fluoroquinolone, third-generation cephalosporin, and penicillin resistance were strongly associated in ESBL-EC. Median network densities increased from 2018 to 2022 in both ESBL-EC (0.238\u20130.301,\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>\n                      -value = 0.06, Pearson test) and non-ESBL-EC (0.074\u20130.100,\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>\n                      -value = 0.04). Across all years, median densities were higher in men than in women (ESBL-EC 2022: 0.305 vs 0.271; non-ESBL-EC: 0.128 vs 0.094) and higher in individuals over 65 than under 65 (ESBL-EC: 0.289 vs 0.275; non-ESBL-EC: 0.103 vs 0.088). These findings highlight temporal, age-specific, and gender-specific variations in resistance patterns, underscoring the potential of machine learning to understand them and inform antibiotic strategies.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1128\/aac.00422-25","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,31]],"date-time":"2025-10-31T12:48:10Z","timestamp":1761914890000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/asmj-crossmark-policy-page","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Exploring multidrug resistance patterns in community-acquired\n                    <i>Escherichia coli<\/i>\n                    urinary tract infections with machine learning"],"prefix":"10.1128","volume":"69","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0006-3498-5698","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Elise","family":"Hodbert","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/03gnr7b55","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"Cibles et m\u00e9dicaments des infections et de l\u2019immunit\u00e9, IICiMed, Nantes Universit\u00e9","place":["Nantes, France"]},{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/0175hh227","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"Laboratoire Mod\u00e9lisation, Epid\u00e9miologie et Surveillance des Risques Sanitaires (MESuRS), Conservatoire National des Arts et M\u00e9tiers","place":["Paris, France"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Olivier","family":"Lemenand","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/05c1qsg97","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"Centre d\u2019Appui \u00e0 la Pr\u00e9vention des Infections Associ\u00e9es aux Soins des Pays de la Loire, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire (CHU) - Le Tourville","place":["Nantes, France"]},{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/05c1qsg97","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"French National Surveillance System of Antimicrobial Resistance in Primary Care and Nursing Homes, PRIMO, CHU - Le Tourville","place":["Nantes, France"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sonia","family":"Thibaut","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/05c1qsg97","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"Centre d\u2019Appui \u00e0 la Pr\u00e9vention des Infections Associ\u00e9es aux Soins des Pays de la Loire, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire (CHU) - Le Tourville","place":["Nantes, France"]},{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/05c1qsg97","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"French National Surveillance System of Antimicrobial Resistance in Primary Care and Nursing Homes, PRIMO, CHU - Le Tourville","place":["Nantes, France"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Thomas","family":"Coeffic","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/05c1qsg97","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"Centre d\u2019Appui \u00e0 la Pr\u00e9vention des Infections Associ\u00e9es aux Soins des Pays de la Loire, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire (CHU) - Le Tourville","place":["Nantes, France"]},{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/05c1qsg97","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"French National Surveillance System of Antimicrobial Resistance in Primary Care and Nursing Homes, PRIMO, CHU - Le Tourville","place":["Nantes, France"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"David","family":"Boutoille","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/05c1qsg97","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"French National Surveillance System of Antimicrobial Resistance in Primary Care and Nursing Homes, PRIMO, CHU - Le Tourville","place":["Nantes, France"]},{"name":"Department of Infectious Diseases, University Hospital of Nantes and Center d\u2019Investigation Clinique 1413, Institut National de la Sant\u00e9 et de la Recherche M\u00e9dicale, Nantes, CHU Nantes","place":["Nantes, France"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3176-8111","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Stephane","family":"Corvec","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Service de Bact\u00e9riologie, CHU Nantes","place":["Nantes, France"]},{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/03gnr7b55","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"INSERM, Immunology and New Concepts in ImmunoTherapy, INCIT, UMR 1302, Nantes Universit\u00e9","place":["Nantes, France"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gabriel","family":"Birgand","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/03gnr7b55","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"Cibles et m\u00e9dicaments des infections et de l\u2019immunit\u00e9, IICiMed, Nantes Universit\u00e9","place":["Nantes, France"]},{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/05c1qsg97","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"Centre d\u2019Appui \u00e0 la Pr\u00e9vention des Infections Associ\u00e9es aux Soins des Pays de la Loire, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire (CHU) - 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