{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,18]],"date-time":"2026-03-18T19:02:55Z","timestamp":1773860575871,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":21,"publisher":"American Society for Microbiology","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2016,6,1]],"date-time":"2016-06-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1464739200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/non-commercial-tdm-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.asm.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Antimicrob Agents Chemother"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n          <jats:p>\n            Invasive fungal infections (IFIs) are common among lung transplant recipients (LTRs). Posaconazole is an important antifungal agent for both prophylaxis and treatment of IFIs; however, detailed pharmacokinetic data are limited among LTRs, particularly those with cystic fibrosis (CF). Our objective was to conduct a pharmacokinetic study of posaconazole oral suspension among LTRs, with particular attention to patients with CF. We enrolled 20 LTRs, 7 with CF and 13 with other underlying lung diseases. Average daily doses in CF and non-CF patients were 829 and 862 mg, respectively. After \u22655 days of treatment, only 4 patients had average plasma concentrations of &gt;0.7 \u03bcg\/ml. Average steady-state plasma concentrations were 61% lower in CF patients (0.233 \u03bcg\/ml) than in non-CF LTRs (0.594 \u03bcg\/ml;\n            <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n            = 0.03). The average dose-normalized plasma area-under-the-curve (AUC) values were also lower in CF (0.007 h\u00b7\u03bcg\/ml) than in non-CF LTRs (0.02 h\u00b7\u03bcg\/ml;\n            <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n            = 0.02). The weight-normalized apparent oral clearance values were 2.51 and 0.74 liters\/h\/kg among CF and non-CF LTRs, respectively (\n            <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n            = 0.005). Despite significant interpatient variability, plasma trough concentrations were strongly correlated with posaconazole AUC across all LTRs (\n            <jats:italic>r<\/jats:italic>\n            <jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\n            = 0.95,\n            <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n            &lt; 0.0001). Taken together, our study highlights a critical need to incorporate new formulations of posaconazole into prophylaxis and treatment strategies for LTRs, particularly those with CF. Future pharmacokinetic studies of both tablet and intravenous formulations must consider LTR-specific factors and incorporate a therapeutic drug monitoring plan in this patient population.\n          <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1128\/aac.00424-16","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,3,29]],"date-time":"2016-03-29T02:23:38Z","timestamp":1459218218000},"page":"3558-3562","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/asmj-crossmark-policy-page","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":15,"title":["Pharmacokinetics of Posaconazole Suspension in Lung Transplant Patients with and without Cystic Fibrosis"],"prefix":"10.1128","volume":"60","author":[{"given":"Hongfei","family":"Zhang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmaceutical Science, School of Pharmacy, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"M. Hong","family":"Nguyen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Cornelius J.","family":"Clancy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Rujuta","family":"Joshi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmaceutical Science, School of Pharmacy, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Wenchen","family":"Zhao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmaceutical Science, School of Pharmacy, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Chris","family":"Ensor","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacy and Therapeutics, School of Pharmacy, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Raman","family":"Venkataramanan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmaceutical Science, School of Pharmacy, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA"},{"name":"Department of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ryan K.","family":"Shields","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"235","reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_1_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.transproceed.2003.08.070"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1399-3062.2010.00492.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/109629603322419607"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/651262"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.trre.2007.12.007"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.leu.2405065"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/myc.12023"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijantimicag.2015.09.015"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.01396-09"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.01325-10"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_12_2","volume-title":"U.S","author":"U.S. Food and Drug Administration","year":"2005","unstructured":"U.S. Food and Drug Administration. 2005. Clinical pharmacology review of posaconazole. U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Washington, DC."},{"key":"e_1_3_1_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/jac\/dkv380"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.04035-14"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.48.9.3543-3551.2004"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/clpt.1991.209"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-3476(05)80149-0"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_18_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S32","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1439-0507.2010.01984.x","article-title":"Posaconazole: clinical pharmacokinetics and drug interactions","volume":"54","author":"Lipp HP","year":"2011","unstructured":"Lipp HP. 2011. Posaconazole: clinical pharmacokinetics and drug interactions. Mycoses 54(Suppl 1):S32\u2013S38.","journal-title":"Mycoses"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_19_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1124\/dmd.32.2.267"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_20_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jps.24690"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_21_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.00705-08"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_22_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.00802-12"}],"container-title":["Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/doi\/pdf\/10.1128\/AAC.00424-16","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/doi\/pdf\/10.1128\/AAC.00424-16","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2022,2,21]],"date-time":"2022-02-21T20:48:11Z","timestamp":1645476491000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/doi\/10.1128\/AAC.00424-16"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2016,6]]},"references-count":21,"journal-issue":{"issue":"6","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,6]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1128\/AAC.00424-16"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/aac.00424-16","relation":{},"ISSN":["0066-4804","1098-6596"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0066-4804","type":"print"},{"value":"1098-6596","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2016,6]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2016-02-23","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2016-03-21","order":1,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2016-05-23","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}