{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,8]],"date-time":"2025-12-08T22:09:22Z","timestamp":1765231762959},"reference-count":30,"publisher":"American Society for Microbiology","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2008,11,1]],"date-time":"2008-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1225497600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/non-commercial-tdm-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.asm.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Antimicrob Agents Chemother"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2008,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n          <jats:p>\n            The anthelmintic pyrantel plays an important role in the control of gastrointestinal helminths of humans and domestic animals. Despite the demonstration of pyrantel resistance in several helminth species over the last 20 years, the resistance mechanism remains unclear. It has been hypothesized that resistance may arise as a consequence of changes to the relative proportions of subpopulations of nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAchRs). To test this hypothesis, we examined the responses of two isolates of the canine hookworm\n            <jats:italic>Ancylostoma caninum<\/jats:italic>\n            with low-level resistance (isolate NT) and high-level resistance (isolate PR) to pyrantel to nicotinic agonist drugs reported to be selective for three nAchR subtypes. We used larval motility and conformation assays and force transduction experiments with adult worms. Pyrantel and levamisole were less potent against larvae of isolate PR than larvae of isolate NT (up to an 18-fold increase in the 50% inhibitory concentration); on the other hand, bephenium was more potent against larvae of isolate PR than larvae of isolate NT (twofold) and nicotine had the same potency against larvae of both isolates. In adults, pyrantel, levamisole, and nicotine were less potent against isolate PR than isolate NT (two- to threefold), but the potency of bephenium against the two isolates was equivalent. Our data indicate a complex pattern of nAchRs in this species and suggest that the two isolates differ in their relative sensitivities to agonists targeting different nAchRs.\n          <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1128\/aac.00523-08","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2008,8,19]],"date-time":"2008-08-19T00:34:42Z","timestamp":1219106082000},"page":"3980-3986","update-policy":"http:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.1128\/asmj-crossmark-policy-page","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":18,"title":["Phenotypic Characterization of Two\n            <i>Ancylostoma caninum<\/i>\n            Isolates with Different Susceptibilities to the Anthelmintic Pyrantel"],"prefix":"10.1128","volume":"52","author":[{"given":"Steven R.","family":"Kopp","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Veterinary Science, University of Queensland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Glen T.","family":"Coleman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Veterinary Science, University of Queensland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"James S.","family":"McCarthy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Australian Centre for Tropical and International Health, a Joint Program of the Queensland Institute for Medical Research and the University of Queensland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Andrew C.","family":"Kotze","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CSIRO Livestock Industries, Brisbane, Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"235","reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(06)68653-4"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1096\/fj.05-3936fje"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_4_2","first-page":"408","volume":"145","year":"1999","unstructured":"Coles, G. C., S. N. Brown, and C. M. Trembath. 1999. Pyrantel-resistant large strongyles in racehorses. Vet. Rec.145:408.","journal-title":"Vet. Rec."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_5_2","first-page":"986","volume":"49","year":"1988","unstructured":"Drudge, J. H., E. T. Lyons, S. C. Tolliver, S. R. Lowry, and E. H. Fallon. 1988. Piperazine resistance in population-B equine strongyles: a study of selection in thoroughbreds in Kentucky from 1966 through 1983. Am. J. Vet. Res.49:986-994.","journal-title":"Am. J. Vet. Res."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"394","DOI":"10.3181\/00379727-139-36151","volume":"139","year":"1972","unstructured":"Howes, H. L., Jr. 1972. trans-1,4,5,6-Tetrahydro-2-(3-hydroxystyryl)-1-methyl pyrimidine (CP-14,445), a new antiwhipworm agent. Proc. Soc. Exp. Biol. Med.139:394-398.","journal-title":"Proc. Soc. Exp. Biol. Med."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_7_2","first-page":"215","volume":"35","year":"1987","unstructured":"Jackson, R., D. Lance, and K. Townsend. 1987. Isolation of anthelmintic resistant Ancylostoma caninum. N. Z. Vet. J.35:215-216.","journal-title":"N. Z. Vet. J."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"179","DOI":"10.1016\/0304-4017(94)90110-4","volume":"52","year":"1994","unstructured":"Jacobs, D. E., A. Arakawa, C. H. Courtney, M. A. Gemmell, J. W. McCall, G. H. Myers, and O. Vanparijs. 1994. World Association for the Advancement of Veterinary Parasitology (W.A.A.V.P.) guidelines for evaluating the efficacy of anthelmintics for dogs and cats. Vet. Parasitol.52:179-202.","journal-title":"Vet. Parasitol."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"39","DOI":"10.1002\/bies.10377","volume":"26","year":"2004","unstructured":"Jones, A. K., and D. B. Sattelle. 2004. Functional genomics of the nicotinic acetylcholine receptor gene family of the nematode, Caenorhabditis elegans. Bioessays26:39-49.","journal-title":"Bioessays"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"176","DOI":"10.1038\/nature06722","volume":"452","year":"2008","unstructured":"Kaminsky, R., P. Ducray, M. Jung, R. Clover, L. Rufener, J. Bouvier, S. S. Weber, A. Wenger, S. Wieland-Berghausen, T. Goebel, N. Gauvry, F. Pautrat, T. Skripsky, O. Froelich, C. Komoin-Oka, B. Westlund, A. Sluder, and P. Maser. 2008. A new class of anthelmintics effective against drug-resistant nematodes. Nature452:176-180.","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_11_2","first-page":"1011","volume":"73","year":"1978","unstructured":"Klein, J. B., R. E. Bradley, Sr., and D. P. Conway. 1978. Anthelmintic efficacy of pyrantel pamoate against the roundworm, Toxocara canis, and the hookworm, Ancylostoma caninum, in dogs. Vet. Med. Small Anim. Clin.73:1011-1013.","journal-title":"Vet. Med. Small Anim. Clin."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"284","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vetpar.2007.12.020","volume":"152","year":"2008","unstructured":"Kopp, S. R., G. T. Coleman, J. S. McCarthy, and A. C. Kotze. 2008. Application of in vitro anthelmintic sensitivity assays to canine parasitology: detecting resistance to pyrantel in Ancylostoma caninum. Vet. Parasitol.152:284-293.","journal-title":"Vet. Parasitol."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"299","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vetpar.2006.08.036","volume":"143","year":"2007","unstructured":"Kopp, S. R., A. C. Kotze, J. S. McCarthy, and G. T. Coleman. 2007. High-level pyrantel resistance in the hookworm Ancylostoma caninum. Vet. Parasitol.143:299-304.","journal-title":"Vet. Parasitol."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_14_2","unstructured":"Vet. J. 2007"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"608","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.2004.71.608","volume":"71","year":"2004","unstructured":"Kotze, A. C., S. Clifford, J. O'Grady, J. M. Behnke, and J. S. McCarthy. 2004. An in vitro larval motility assay to determine anthelmintic sensitivity for human hookworm and Strongyloides species. Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg.71:608-616.","journal-title":"Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1093","DOI":"10.1016\/S0020-7519(99)00064-8","volume":"29","year":"1999","unstructured":"Kotze, A. C., P. A. Stein, and R. J. Dobson. 1999. Investigation of intestinal nematode responses to naphthalophos and pyrantel using a larval development assay. Int. J. Parasitol.29:1093-1099.","journal-title":"Int. J. Parasitol."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11","DOI":"10.1016\/S1090-0233(05)80005-X","volume":"154","year":"1997","unstructured":"Martin, R. J. 1997. Modes of action of anthelmintic drugs. Vet. J.154:11-34.","journal-title":"Vet. J."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_18_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1083","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijpara.2004.04.014","volume":"34","year":"2004","unstructured":"Martin, R. J., C. L. Clark, S. M. Trailovic, and A. P. Robertson. 2004. Oxantel is an N-type (methyridine and nicotine) agonist not an L-type (levamisole and pyrantel) agonist: classification of cholinergic anthelmintics in Ascaris. Int. J. Parasitol.34:1083-1090.","journal-title":"Int. J. Parasitol."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_19_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1093","DOI":"10.1017\/S0031182007000029","volume":"134","year":"2007","unstructured":"Martin, R. J., and A. P. Robertson. 2007. Mode of action of levamisole and pyrantel, anthelmintic resistance, E153 and Q57. Parasitology134:1093-1104.","journal-title":"Parasitology"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_20_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"141","DOI":"10.1016\/S0304-4017(00)00264-8","volume":"91","year":"2000","unstructured":"Petersen, M. B., J. Craven, H. Bjorn, and P. Nansen. 2000. Use of a migration assay for the separation of adult pyrantel-susceptible and -resistant Oesophagostomum dentatum. Vet. Parasitol.91:141-145.","journal-title":"Vet. Parasitol."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_21_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"301","DOI":"10.1016\/S0001-706X(97)00106-X","volume":"68","year":"1997","unstructured":"Reynoldson, J. A., J. M. Behnke, L. J. Pallant, M. G. Macnish, F. Gilbert, S. Giles, R. J. Spargo, and R. C. Thompson. 1997. Failure of pyrantel in treatment of human hookworm infections (Ancylostoma duodenale) in the Kimberley region of north west Australia. Acta Trop.68:301-312.","journal-title":"Acta Trop."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_22_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"791","DOI":"10.1038\/12160","volume":"2","year":"1999","unstructured":"Richmond, J. E., and E. M. Jorgensen. 1999. One GABA and two acetylcholine receptors function at the C. elegans neuromuscular junction. Nat. Neurosci.2:791-797.","journal-title":"Nat. Neurosci."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_23_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"749","DOI":"10.1096\/fasebj.13.6.749","volume":"13","year":"1999","unstructured":"Robertson, A. P., H. E. Bjorn, and R. J. Martin. 1999. Resistance to levamisole resolved at the single-channel level. FASEB J.13:749-760.","journal-title":"FASEB J."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_24_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"853","DOI":"10.1124\/jpet.102.034272","volume":"302","year":"2002","unstructured":"Robertson, A. P., C. L. Clark, T. A. Burns, D. P. Thompson, T. G. Geary, S. M. Trailovic, and R. J. Martin. 2002. Paraherquamide and 2-deoxy-paraherquamide distinguish cholinergic receptor subtypes in Ascaris muscle. J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther.302:853-860.","journal-title":"J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_25_2","first-page":"173","volume":"6","year":"1976","unstructured":"Robinson, M., F. Hooke, and K. E. Iverson. 1976. Efficacy of oxantel pamoate and pyrantel pamoate in combination against Trichuris Vulpis,Ancylostoma caninum and Toxocara canis in dogs. Aust. Vet. Pract.6:173-176.","journal-title":"Aust. Vet. Pract."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_26_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"229","DOI":"10.1016\/0304-4017(87)90044-6","volume":"24","year":"1987","unstructured":"Roepstorff, A., H. Bjorn, and P. Nansen. 1987. Resistance of Oesophagostomum spp. in pigs to pyrantel citrate. Vet. Parasitol.24:229-239.","journal-title":"Vet. Parasitol."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_27_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"689","DOI":"10.1016\/0020-7519(91)90080-Q","volume":"21","year":"1991","unstructured":"Sangster, N. C., C. W. Davis, and G. H. Collins. 1991. Effects of cholinergic drugs on longitudinal contraction in levamisole-susceptible and -resistant Haemonchus contortus. Int. J. Parasitol.21:689-695.","journal-title":"Int. J. Parasitol."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_28_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"998","DOI":"10.2307\/3282524","volume":"73","year":"1987","unstructured":"Sangster, N. C., and D. F. Mettrick. 1987. Effects of cholinergic drugs on muscle contraction in Moniliformis moniliformis (Acanthocephala). J. Parasitol.73:998-1004.","journal-title":"J. Parasitol."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_29_2","first-page":"S179","volume":"131","year":"2005","unstructured":"Sangster, N. C., J. Song, and J. Demeler. 2005. Resistance as a tool for discovering and understanding targets in parasite neuromusculature. Parasitology131:S179-S190.","journal-title":"Parasitology"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_30_2","first-page":"936","volume":"70","year":"1975","unstructured":"Todd, A. C., J. Crowley, and P. Scholl. 1975. Critical tests with pyrantel pamoate against internal parasites in dogs from Wisconsin. Vet. Med. Small Anim. Clin.70:936-939.","journal-title":"Vet. Med. Small Anim. Clin."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_31_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"219","DOI":"10.1007\/s10158-007-0056-0","volume":"7","year":"2007","unstructured":"Williamson, S. M., T. K. Walsh, and A. J. Wolstenholme. 2007. The Cys-loop ligand-gated ion channel gene family of Brugia malayi and Trichinella spiralis: a comparison with Caenorhabditis elegans. Invertebrate Neurosci.7:219-226.","journal-title":"Invertebrate Neurosci."}],"container-title":["Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/doi\/pdf\/10.1128\/AAC.00523-08","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/doi\/pdf\/10.1128\/AAC.00523-08","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2022,2,21]],"date-time":"2022-02-21T19:27:06Z","timestamp":1645471626000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/doi\/10.1128\/AAC.00523-08"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2008,11]]},"references-count":30,"journal-issue":{"issue":"11","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2008,11]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1128\/AAC.00523-08"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/aac.00523-08","relation":{},"ISSN":["0066-4804","1098-6596"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0066-4804","type":"print"},{"value":"1098-6596","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2008,11]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2008-04-22","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2008-08-06","order":1,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2008-11-01","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}