{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,24]],"date-time":"2026-08-24T16:00:12Z","timestamp":1787587212482,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":26,"publisher":"American Society for Microbiology","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2016,8,1]],"date-time":"2016-08-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1470009600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/non-commercial-tdm-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.asm.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Antimicrob Agents Chemother"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    Among 15,588\n                    <jats:named-content xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" content-type=\"genus-species\" xlink:type=\"simple\">Enterobacteriaceae<\/jats:named-content>\n                    isolates collected in 63 U.S. hospitals from 2012 to 2014, 2,129 (13.7%) displayed an extended-spectrum \u03b2-lactamase (ESBL) phenotype. These rates were similar over time (13.2 to 13.9%); however, differences among\n                    <jats:named-content xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" content-type=\"genus-species\" xlink:type=\"simple\">Escherichia coli<\/jats:named-content>\n                    (12.7 and 15.1% in 2012 and 2014;\n                    <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                    = 0.007) and\n                    <jats:named-content xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" content-type=\"genus-species\" xlink:type=\"simple\">Klebsiella pneumoniae<\/jats:named-content>\n                    (18.9 and 15.5% in 2012 and 2014;\n                    <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                    = 0.006) were noted when comparing 2014 and 2012. Carbapenem-resistant\n                    <jats:named-content xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" content-type=\"genus-species\" xlink:type=\"simple\">Enterobacteriaceae<\/jats:named-content>\n                    (CRE) (2.3 and 1.8%) and carbapenem-resistant\n                    <jats:named-content xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" content-type=\"genus-species\" xlink:type=\"simple\">K. pneumoniae<\/jats:named-content>\n                    (6.8 and 5.1%;\n                    <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                    = 0.003) rates were lower in 2014 than in 2012. Isolates carrying\n                    <jats:italic>bla<\/jats:italic>\n                    <jats:sub>CTX-M-15<\/jats:sub>\n                    -like genes were stable (42.1 to 42.4%), but a decrease among\n                    <jats:named-content xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" content-type=\"genus-species\" xlink:type=\"simple\">E. coli<\/jats:named-content>\n                    isolates (59.1 and 49.7%;\n                    <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                    = 0.008) and an increase among\n                    <jats:named-content xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" content-type=\"genus-species\" xlink:type=\"simple\">K. pneumoniae<\/jats:named-content>\n                    isolates (32.7 and 41.2%;\n                    <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                    = 0.022) in 2014 were observed. Isolates carrying\n                    <jats:italic>bla<\/jats:italic>\n                    <jats:sub>KPC<\/jats:sub>\n                    (304) decreased over the years (16.5 and 10.9%;\n                    <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                    = 0.008), mainly due to the decrease in\n                    <jats:named-content xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" content-type=\"genus-species\" xlink:type=\"simple\">K. pneumoniae<\/jats:named-content>\n                    isolates harboring\n                    <jats:italic>bla<\/jats:italic>\n                    <jats:sub>KPC<\/jats:sub>\n                    (\n                    <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                    = 285; 35.6 and 28.4%;\n                    <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                    = 0.041) in hospitals in the Mid-Atlantic and South Atlantic regions, where these isolates were highly prevalent during 2012 and 2013. Isolates carrying\n                    <jats:italic>bla<\/jats:italic>\n                    <jats:sub>CMY-2-<\/jats:sub>\n                    like and\n                    <jats:italic>bla<\/jats:italic>\n                    <jats:sub>CTX-M-14-<\/jats:sub>\n                    like genes increased (8.2 and 11.9% and 9.1 and 12.9%, respectively;\n                    <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                    = 0.04 for both), and those producing\n                    <jats:italic>bla<\/jats:italic>\n                    <jats:sub>SHV<\/jats:sub>\n                    ESBL decreased (24.9 and 12.7%;\n                    <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                    &lt; 0.001) over the studied years, due to a decreased occurrence of the enzymes among\n                    <jats:named-content xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" content-type=\"genus-species\" xlink:type=\"simple\">K. pneumoniae<\/jats:named-content>\n                    isolates. Other enzymes were detected in smaller numbers of isolates, including four\n                    <jats:named-content xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" content-type=\"genus-species\" xlink:type=\"simple\">K. pneumoniae<\/jats:named-content>\n                    isolates carrying\n                    <jats:italic>bla<\/jats:italic>\n                    <jats:sub>NDM-1<\/jats:sub>\n                    metallo-\u03b2-lactamase (two in 2012 and two in 2014). Ceftazidime-avibactam, a recently approved \u03b2-lactamase inhibitor combination, was very active against the ESBL phenotype isolates (MIC\n                    <jats:sub>50\/90<\/jats:sub>\n                    , 0.12 and 1 \u03bcg\/ml; 99.7% susceptible) and CRE strains (MIC\n                    <jats:sub>50\/90<\/jats:sub>\n                    , 0.5 and 2 \u03bcg\/ml; 98.5% susceptible) that displayed elevated MIC values for many comparator agents. In conclusion, significant changes were noted in the frequencies of isolates harboring various \u03b2-lactamases among U.S. hospitals between 2012 and 2014 that will require continued monitoring.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1128\/aac.00540-16","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,5,24]],"date-time":"2016-05-24T12:26:28Z","timestamp":1464092788000},"page":"4770-4777","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/asmj-crossmark-policy-page","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":55,"title":["Changes in the Frequencies of \u03b2-Lactamase Genes among Enterobacteriaceae Isolates in U.S. Hospitals, 2012 to 2014: Activity of Ceftazidime-Avibactam Tested against \u03b2-Lactamase-Producing Isolates"],"prefix":"10.1128","volume":"60","author":[{"given":"Mariana","family":"Castanheira","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"JMI Laboratories, North Liberty, Iowa, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rodrigo E.","family":"Mendes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"JMI Laboratories, North Liberty, Iowa, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ronald N.","family":"Jones","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"JMI Laboratories, North Liberty, Iowa, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Helio S.","family":"Sader","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"JMI Laboratories, North Liberty, Iowa, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"235","reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/500663"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-0691.2007.01848.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.01896-13"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.00163-15"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mib.2006.08.011"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/mdr.2008.0827"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.00576-07"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.02252-12"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.45.4.1151-1161.2001"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_11_2","volume-title":"Tracking CRE infections","author":"CDC","year":"2015","unstructured":"CDC. 2015. 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