{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,15]],"date-time":"2026-01-15T03:58:57Z","timestamp":1768449537445,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":45,"publisher":"American Society for Microbiology","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2015,9,1]],"date-time":"2015-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1441065600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/non-commercial-tdm-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.asm.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Antimicrob Agents Chemother"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2015,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n          <jats:p>\n            During the last decade, a significant diffusion of CTX-M-type extended-spectrum \u03b2-lactamases (ESBLs) was observed in commensal\n            <jats:named-content xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" content-type=\"genus-species\" xlink:type=\"simple\">Escherichia coli<\/jats:named-content>\n            from healthy children in the Bolivian Chaco region, with initial dissemination of CTX-M-2, which was then replaced by CTX-M-15 and CTX-M-65. In this work, we demonstrate that the widespread dissemination of CTX-M-65 observed in this context was related to the polyclonal spreading of an IncI1 sequence type 71 (ST71) epidemic plasmid lineage. The structure of the epidemic plasmid population was characterized by complete sequencing of four representatives and PCR mapping of the remainder (\n            <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n            = 16). Sequence analysis showed identical plasmid backbones (similar to that of the reference IncI1 plasmid, R64) and a multiresistance region (MRR), which underwent local microevolution. The MRR harbored genes responsible for resistance to \u03b2-lactams, aminoglycosides, florfenicol, and fosfomycin (with microevolution mainly consisting of deletion events of resistance modules). The\n            <jats:italic>bla<\/jats:italic>\n            <jats:sub>CTX-M-65<\/jats:sub>\n            module harbored by the IncI1 ST71 epidemic plasmid was apparently derived from IncN-type plasmids, likely via IS\n            <jats:italic>26<\/jats:italic>\n            -mediated mobilization. The plasmid could be transferred by conjugation to several different enterobacterial species (\n            <jats:named-content xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" content-type=\"genus-species\" xlink:type=\"simple\">Escherichia coli<\/jats:named-content>\n            ,\n            <jats:named-content xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" content-type=\"genus-species\" xlink:type=\"simple\">Cronobacter sakazakii<\/jats:named-content>\n            ,\n            <jats:named-content xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" content-type=\"genus-species\" xlink:type=\"simple\">Enterobacter cloacae<\/jats:named-content>\n            ,\n            <jats:named-content xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" content-type=\"genus-species\" xlink:type=\"simple\">Klebsiella oxytoca<\/jats:named-content>\n            ,\n            <jats:named-content xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" content-type=\"genus-species\" xlink:type=\"simple\">Klebsiella pneumoniae<\/jats:named-content>\n            , and\n            <jats:named-content xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" content-type=\"genus-species\" xlink:type=\"simple\">Salmonella enterica<\/jats:named-content>\n            ) and was stably maintained without selective pressure in these species, with the exception of\n            <jats:named-content xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" content-type=\"genus-species\" xlink:type=\"simple\">K. oxytoca<\/jats:named-content>\n            and\n            <jats:named-content xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" content-type=\"genus-species\" xlink:type=\"simple\">S. enterica<\/jats:named-content>\n            . Fitness assays performed in\n            <jats:named-content xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" content-type=\"genus-species\" xlink:type=\"simple\">E. coli<\/jats:named-content>\n            recipients demonstrated that the presence of the epidemic plasmid was apparently not associated with a significant biological cost.\n          <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1128\/aac.00589-15","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,6,23]],"date-time":"2015-06-23T01:45:36Z","timestamp":1435023936000},"page":"5340-5347","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/asmj-crossmark-policy-page","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":49,"title":["Characterization of IncI1 Sequence Type 71 Epidemic Plasmid Lineage Responsible for the Recent Dissemination of CTX-M-65 Extended-Spectrum \u03b2-Lactamase in the Bolivian Chaco Region"],"prefix":"10.1128","volume":"59","author":[{"given":"Eleonora","family":"Riccobono","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Biotechnologies, University of Siena, Siena, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Vincenzo","family":"Di Pilato","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Biotechnologies, University of Siena, Siena, Italy"},{"name":"Department of Surgery and Translational Medicine, University of Florence, Florence, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Tiziana","family":"Di Maggio","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Biotechnologies, University of Siena, Siena, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Carmen","family":"Revollo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Instituto Nacional de Laboratorios de Salud \u201cDr. Nestor Morales Villaz\u00f3n\u201d (INLASA), La Paz, 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