{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,11]],"date-time":"2026-07-11T01:07:11Z","timestamp":1783732031817,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":37,"publisher":"American Society for Microbiology","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,13]],"date-time":"2025-02-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1739404800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,13]],"date-time":"2025-02-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1739404800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/non-commercial-tdm-license"}],"funder":[{"name":"Intensive Care Foundation"},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001077","name":"Royal Brisbane and Women's Hospital Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001077","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.asm.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Antimicrob Agents Chemother"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,13]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title\/>\n            <jats:p>\n              Ventriculitis in neurocritical care patients leads to significant morbidity and mortality. Antibiotic dose optimization targeting pharmacokinetic\/pharmacodynamic (PK\/PD) exposures associated with improved bacterial killing may improve therapeutic outcomes. We sought to develop and apply a population PK model in infected critically ill patients to determine optimal piperacillin-tazobactam (PTZ) dosing regimens to achieve target cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) exposures. Neurosurgical patients with external ventricular drains and receiving PTZ treatment were recruited and had plasma and CSF samples collected and assayed. A population PK model was developed using plasma and CSF piperacillin and tazobactam concentrations. Eight patients were recruited. Median age was 59 years, median weight was 70 kg, and five patients were female. The median creatinine clearance was 84 mL\/min\/1.73 m\n              <jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\n              (range 52\u2013163). Substantial inter-individual PK variability was apparent, particularly in CSF. Piperacillin penetration into CSF had a median of 3.73% (range 0.73%\u20137.66%), and tazobactam CSF penetration was not predictable. Dosing recommendations to optimize CSF exposures for the treatment of ventriculitis were not possible due to substantial PK variability and very low drug penetration. High plasma PTZ exposures may not translate to effective exposures in CSF.\n            <\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1128\/aac.00601-24","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,19]],"date-time":"2024-12-19T14:06:19Z","timestamp":1734617179000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/asmj-crossmark-policy-page","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Population pharmacokinetics of piperacillin-tazobactam in the plasma and cerebrospinal fluid of critically ill patients"],"prefix":"10.1128","volume":"69","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9272-342X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nilesh","family":"Kumta","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"The University of Queensland Centre for Clinical Research, Faculty of Medicine, University of Queensland","place":["Herston, Brisbane, 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Queensland","place":["Herston, Brisbane, Australia"]},{"name":"Department of Intensive Care Medicine, Royal Brisbane and Women's Hospital","place":["Herston, Brisbane, Australia"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Therese","family":"Starr","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The University of Queensland Centre for Clinical Research, Faculty of Medicine, University of Queensland","place":["Herston, Brisbane, Australia"]},{"name":"Department of Intensive Care Medicine, Royal Brisbane and Women's Hospital","place":["Herston, Brisbane, Australia"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wai Tat","family":"Wong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anaesthesia and Intensive Care, The Chinese University of Hong Kong","place":["Hong Kong, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gavin M.","family":"Joynt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of 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