{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,31]],"date-time":"2025-10-31T21:38:53Z","timestamp":1761946733924},"reference-count":33,"publisher":"American Society for Microbiology","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2011,11,1]],"date-time":"2011-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1320105600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/non-commercial-tdm-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.asm.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Antimicrob Agents Chemother"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2011,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n          <jats:p>\n            The Gram-negative plague bacterium,\n            <jats:named-content xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" content-type=\"genus-species\" xlink:type=\"simple\">Yersinia pestis<\/jats:named-content>\n            , has historically been regarded as one of the deadliest pathogens known to mankind, having caused three major pandemics. After being transmitted by the bite of an infected flea arthropod vector,\n            <jats:named-content xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" content-type=\"genus-species\" xlink:type=\"simple\">Y. pestis<\/jats:named-content>\n            can cause three forms of human plague: bubonic, septicemic, and pneumonic, with the latter two having very high mortality rates. With increased threats of bioterrorism, it is likely that a multidrug-resistant\n            <jats:named-content xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" content-type=\"genus-species\" xlink:type=\"simple\">Y. pestis<\/jats:named-content>\n            strain would be employed, and, as such, conventional antibiotics typically used to treat\n            <jats:named-content xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" content-type=\"genus-species\" xlink:type=\"simple\">Y. pestis<\/jats:named-content>\n            (e.g., streptomycin, tetracycline, and gentamicin) would be ineffective. In this study, cethromycin (a ketolide antibiotic which inhibits bacterial protein synthesis and is currently in clinical trials for respiratory tract infections) was evaluated for antiplague activity in a rat model of pneumonic infection and compared with levofloxacin, which operates via inhibition of bacterial topoisomerase and DNA gyrase. Following a respiratory challenge of 24 to 30 times the 50% lethal dose of the highly virulent\n            <jats:named-content xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" content-type=\"genus-species\" xlink:type=\"simple\">Y. pestis<\/jats:named-content>\n            CO92 strain, 70 mg of cethromycin per kg of body weight (orally administered twice daily 24 h postinfection for a period of 7 days) provided complete protection to animals against mortality without any toxic effects. Further, no detectable plague bacilli were cultured from infected animals' blood and spleens following cethromycin treatment. The antibiotic was most effective when administered to rats 24 h postinfection, as the animals succumbed to infection if treatment was further delayed. All cethromycin-treated survivors tolerated 2 subsequent exposures to even higher lethal\n            <jats:named-content xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" content-type=\"genus-species\" xlink:type=\"simple\">Y. pestis<\/jats:named-content>\n            doses without further antibiotic treatment, which was related, in part, to the development of specific antibodies to the capsular and low-calcium-response V antigens of\n            <jats:named-content xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" content-type=\"genus-species\" xlink:type=\"simple\">Y. pestis<\/jats:named-content>\n            . These data demonstrate that cethromycin is a potent antiplague drug that can be used to treat pneumonic plague.\n          <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1128\/aac.00632-11","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2011,8,23]],"date-time":"2011-08-23T03:06:23Z","timestamp":1314068783000},"page":"5034-5042","update-policy":"http:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.1128\/asmj-crossmark-policy-page","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":15,"title":["Cethromycin-Mediated Protection against the Plague Pathogen Yersinia pestis in a Rat Model of Infection and Comparison with Levofloxacin"],"prefix":"10.1128","volume":"55","author":[{"given":"Jason A.","family":"Rosenzweig","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biology, Center for Bionanotechnology and Environmental Research (CBER), Texas Southern University, 3100 Cleburne Street, Houston, Texas"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sheri M.","family":"Brackman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology &amp; Immunology, University of Texas Medical Branch, 301 University Boulevard, Galveston, Texas"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Michelle L.","family":"Kirtley","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology &amp; Immunology, University of Texas Medical Branch, 301 University Boulevard, Galveston, Texas"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jian","family":"Sha","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology &amp; Immunology, University of Texas Medical Branch, 301 University Boulevard, Galveston, Texas"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Tatiana E.","family":"Erova","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology &amp; Immunology, University of Texas Medical Branch, 301 University Boulevard, Galveston, Texas"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Linsey A.","family":"Yeager","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology &amp; Immunology, University of Texas Medical Branch, 301 University Boulevard, Galveston, Texas"},{"name":"Galveston National Laboratory, University of Texas Medical Branch, 301 University Boulevard, Galveston, Texas"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Johnny W.","family":"Peterson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology &amp; Immunology, University of Texas Medical Branch, 301 University Boulevard, Galveston, Texas"},{"name":"Sealy Center for Vaccine Development, University of Texas Medical Branch, 301 University Boulevard, Galveston, Texas"},{"name":"Institute of Human Infections &amp; Immunity, University of Texas Medical Branch, 301 University Boulevard, Galveston, Texas"},{"name":"Galveston National Laboratory, University of Texas Medical Branch, 301 University Boulevard, Galveston, Texas"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ze-Qi","family":"Xu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Advanced Life Sciences, Inc., 1440 Davey Road, Woodridge, Illinois"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ashok K.","family":"Chopra","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology &amp; Immunology, University of Texas Medical Branch, 301 University Boulevard, Galveston, Texas"},{"name":"Sealy Center for Vaccine Development, University of Texas Medical Branch, 301 University Boulevard, Galveston, Texas"},{"name":"Institute of Human Infections &amp; Immunity, University of Texas Medical Branch, 301 University Boulevard, Galveston, Texas"},{"name":"Galveston National Laboratory, University of Texas Medical Branch, 301 University Boulevard, Galveston, Texas"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"235","reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.micinf.2008.11.009"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_3_2","unstructured":"AlibekK.\nHandelmanS.. 1999. 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