{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,2]],"date-time":"2026-06-02T12:07:02Z","timestamp":1780402022009,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":38,"publisher":"American Society for Microbiology","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2016,11,1]],"date-time":"2016-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1477958400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/non-commercial-tdm-license"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000060","name":"HHS | NIH | National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["U19 AI076217"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["U19 AI076217"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000060","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000060","name":"HHS | NIH | National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["U19 AI109755"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["U19 AI109755"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000060","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000060","name":"HHS | NIH | National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["U01 AI057786"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["U01 AI057786"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000060","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000060","name":"HHS | NIH | National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["T32 AI007433"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["T32 AI007433"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000060","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000060","name":"HHS | NIH | National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["L30 AI120170"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["L30 AI120170"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000060","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.asm.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Antimicrob Agents Chemother"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n          <jats:p>\n            Phenotypic drug susceptibility testing is the current \u201cgold standard\u201d for detecting\n            <jats:named-content xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" content-type=\"genus-species\" xlink:type=\"simple\">Mycobacterium tuberculosis<\/jats:named-content>\n            susceptibility to antituberculous drugs. Pyrazinamide is one antituberculous drug for which the correlation between\n            <jats:italic>in vitro<\/jats:italic>\n            resistance and clinical outcomes remains unclear. Here we performed latent class analysis (LCA) to develop a consensus gold standard definition of pyrazinamide resistance using three paired standard pyrazinamide resistance assays. We then compared this consensus measure to the 2-month culture results for patients with multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB) who were treated for 2 months with first-line antituberculous drugs before their resistance results were known. Among 121 patients with MDR-TB, 60 (49.6%) were resistant to pyrazinamide by the Wayne method (L. G. Wayne, Am Rev Respir Dis 109:147\u2013151, 1974), 71 (58.7%) were resistant by the Bactec MGIT 960 method, and 68 (56.2%) were resistant by\n            <jats:italic>pncA<\/jats:italic>\n            sequencing. LCA grouped isolates with positive results by at least two assays into a category which we considered the \u201cconsensus gold standard\u201d for pyrazinamide resistance. The sensitivity and specificity for this consensus gold standard were 82.4% and 92.5%, respectively, for the Wayne method; 95.6% and 88.7%, respectively, for the Bactec MGIT 960 method; and 92.6% and 90.6%, respectively, for\n            <jats:italic>pncA<\/jats:italic>\n            sequencing. After we adjusted for other factors associated with poor outcomes, including age, sex, alcohol use, and baseline ethambutol resistance, patients whose isolates were resistant by the LCA-derived consensus gold standard were more likely to be culture positive at 2 months with an odds ratio of 1.95 (95% confidence interval, 0.74 to 5.11), but this result was not statistically significant. These findings underscore the need for improved diagnostics for routine use in programmatic settings.\n          <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1128\/aac.00632-16","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,9,7]],"date-time":"2016-09-07T03:03:57Z","timestamp":1473217437000},"page":"6766-6773","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/asmj-crossmark-policy-page","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":11,"title":["Pyrazinamide Resistance Assays and Two-Month Sputum Culture Status in Patients with Multidrug-Resistant Tuberculosis"],"prefix":"10.1128","volume":"60","author":[{"given":"Gustavo E.","family":"Vel\u00e1squez","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Infectious Diseases, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA"},{"name":"Division of Infectious Diseases, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA"},{"name":"Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Roger I.","family":"Calderon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Partners In Health\/Socios En Salud, Boston, Massachusetts, USA, and Lima, Peru"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Carole D.","family":"Mitnick","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Partners In Health\/Socios En Salud, Boston, Massachusetts, USA, and Lima, Peru"},{"name":"Department of Global Health and Social Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA"},{"name":"Division of Global Health Equity, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mercedes C.","family":"Becerra","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Partners In Health\/Socios En Salud, Boston, Massachusetts, USA, and Lima, Peru"},{"name":"Department of Global Health and Social Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA"},{"name":"Division of Global Health Equity, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chuan-Chin","family":"Huang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative and Pain Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zibiao","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Global Health Equity, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Carmen C.","family":"Contreras","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Partners In Health\/Socios En Salud, Boston, Massachusetts, USA, and Lima, Peru"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rosa M.","family":"Yataco","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Partners In Health\/Socios En Salud, Boston, Massachusetts, USA, and Lima, Peru"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jerome T.","family":"Galea","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Partners In Health\/Socios En Salud, Boston, Massachusetts, USA, and Lima, Peru"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Leonid W.","family":"Lecca","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Partners In Health\/Socios En Salud, Boston, Massachusetts, USA, and Lima, Peru"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Megan B.","family":"Murray","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Partners In Health\/Socios En Salud, Boston, Massachusetts, USA, and Lima, Peru"},{"name":"Department of Global Health and Social Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA"},{"name":"Division of Global Health Equity, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA"},{"name":"Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"235","reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5588\/ijtld.15.0221"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.02741-12"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.01377-13"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1378\/chest.06-1899"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mimet.2015.10.014"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.00553-13"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/emi.2012.18"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_9_2","volume-title":"Companion handbook to the WHO guidelines for the programmatic management of drug-resistant tuberculosis","author":"World Health Organization","year":"2014","unstructured":"World Health Organization. 2014. Companion handbook to the WHO guidelines for the programmatic management of drug-resistant tuberculosis. World Health Organization, Geneva, Switzerland."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.32.7.1002"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_11_2","first-page":"6","article-title":"The curious characteristics of pyrazinamide: a review","volume":"7","author":"Zhang Y","year":"2003","unstructured":"Zhang Y, Mitchison D. 2003. The curious characteristics of pyrazinamide: a review. Int J Tuberc Lung Dis 7:6\u201321.","journal-title":"Int J Tuberc Lung Dis"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_12_2","volume-title":"Updated interim critical concentrations for first-line and second-line DST (as of May 2012)","author":"World Health Organization","year":"2012","unstructured":"World Health Organization. 2012. Updated interim critical concentrations for first-line and second-line DST (as of May 2012). World Health Organization, Geneva, Switzerland."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/jac\/dku136"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/jac\/dkh042"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.00217-12"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1473-3099(10)70139-0"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1183\/09031936.00073611"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_18_2","volume-title":"Report WHO\/HTM\/TB\/2013.11","author":"World Health Organization","year":"2013","unstructured":"World Health Organization. 2013. Global tuberculosis report 2013. Report WHO\/HTM\/TB\/2013.11. World Health Organization, Geneva, Switzerland."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_19_2","volume-title":"Treatment of tuberculosis: guidelines","author":"World Health Organization","year":"2010","unstructured":"World Health Organization. 2010. Treatment of tuberculosis: guidelines, 4th ed. Report WHO\/HTM\/TB\/2009.420. World Health Organization, Geneva, Switzerland.","edition":"4"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_20_2","volume-title":"Tratamiento de la tuberculosis de la NTS no. 041-MINSA\/DFSP-V.01 Norma t\u00e9cnica de salud para el control de la tuberculosis aprobada por R.M. no. 383-2006\/MINSA","author":"Ministerio de Salud","year":"2010","unstructured":"Ministerio de Salud. 2010. Actualizaci\u00f3n del sub numeral 7. Tratamiento de la tuberculosis de la NTS no. 041-MINSA\/DFSP-V.01 Norma t\u00e9cnica de salud para el control de la tuberculosis aprobada por R.M. no. 383-2006\/MINSA. Direcci\u00f3n General de Salud de las Personas, Estrategia Sanitaria Nacional para la Prevenci\u00f3n y Control de la Tuberculosis, Lima, Peru."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_21_2","volume-title":"Norma t\u00e9cnica de salud para el control de la tuberculosis","author":"Ministerio de Salud","year":"2006","unstructured":"Ministerio de Salud. 2006. Norma t\u00e9cnica de salud para el control de la tuberculosis. Direcci\u00f3n General de Salud de las Personas, Estrategia Sanitaria Nacional para la Prevenci\u00f3n y Control de la Tuberculosis, Lima, Peru."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_22_2","first-page":"147","article-title":"Simple pyrazinamidase and urease tests for routine identification of mycobacteria","volume":"109","author":"Wayne LG","year":"1974","unstructured":"Wayne LG. 1974. Simple pyrazinamidase and urease tests for routine identification of mycobacteria. 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Int J Tuberc Lung Dis 15:116\u2013124.","journal-title":"Int J Tuberc Lung Dis"}],"updated-by":[{"DOI":"10.1128\/aac.00069-17","type":"correction","label":"Correction","source":"publisher","updated":{"date-parts":[[2017,2,23]],"date-time":"2017-02-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1487808000000}}],"container-title":["Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/doi\/pdf\/10.1128\/AAC.00632-16","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/doi\/pdf\/10.1128\/AAC.00632-16","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2022,2,21]],"date-time":"2022-02-21T20:32:51Z","timestamp":1645475571000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/doi\/10.1128\/AAC.00632-16"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2016,11]]},"references-count":38,"journal-issue":{"issue":"11","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,11]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1128\/AAC.00632-16"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/aac.00632-16","relation":{"correction":[{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.1128\/AAC.00069-17","asserted-by":"object"}]},"ISSN":["0066-4804","1098-6596"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0066-4804","type":"print"},{"value":"1098-6596","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2016,11]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2016-03-29","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2016-08-19","order":1,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2016-10-21","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}