{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,16]],"date-time":"2026-07-16T09:29:02Z","timestamp":1784194142997,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":49,"publisher":"American Society for Microbiology","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2012,11,1]],"date-time":"2012-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1351728000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/non-commercial-tdm-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.asm.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Antimicrob Agents Chemother"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2012,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title><jats:p>The recent emergence of<jats:named-content xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" content-type=\"genus-species\" xlink:type=\"simple\">Neisseria gonorrhoeae<\/jats:named-content>strains with decreased susceptibility to extended-spectrum cephalosporins is a major concern globally. We sequenced the genome of an<jats:named-content xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" content-type=\"genus-species\" xlink:type=\"simple\">N. gonorrhoeae<\/jats:named-content>multiantigen sequence typing (NG-MAST) ST1407 isolate (SM-3) with decreased susceptibility and resistance to oral extended-spectrum cephalosporins. The isolate was cultured in 2008 in San Francisco, CA, and possessed mosaic<jats:italic>penA<\/jats:italic>allele XXXIV, which is associated with an international clone that possesses decreased susceptibility as well as resistance to oral extended-spectrum cephalosporins globally. The genome sequence of strain NCCP11945 was used as a scaffold, and our assembly resulted in 91 contigs covering 2,029,064 bp (91%; &gt;150\u00d7 coverage) of the genome. Numerous instances of suspected horizontal genetic transfer events with other<jats:named-content xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" content-type=\"genus-species\" xlink:type=\"simple\">Neisseria<\/jats:named-content>species were identified, and two genes,<jats:italic>opa<\/jats:italic>and<jats:italic>txf<\/jats:italic>, acquired from nongonococcal<jats:named-content xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" content-type=\"genus-species\" xlink:type=\"simple\">Neisseria<\/jats:named-content>species, were identified. Strains possessing mosaic<jats:italic>penA<\/jats:italic>alleles (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>= 108) and nonmosaic<jats:italic>penA<\/jats:italic>alleles (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>= 169) from the United States and Europe (15 countries), cultured in 2002 to 2009, were screened for the presence of these genes. The<jats:italic>opa<\/jats:italic>gene was detected in most (82%)<jats:italic>penA<\/jats:italic>mosaic-containing isolates (mainly from 2007 to 2009) but not in any<jats:italic>penA<\/jats:italic>nonmosaic isolates. The<jats:italic>txf<\/jats:italic>gene was found in all strains containing<jats:italic>opa<\/jats:italic>but also in several (18%)<jats:italic>penA<\/jats:italic>nonmosaic strains. Using<jats:italic>opa<\/jats:italic>and<jats:italic>txf<\/jats:italic>as genetic markers, we identified a strain that possesses mosaic<jats:italic>penA<\/jats:italic>allele XXXIV, but the majority of its genome is not genetically related to strain SM-3. This implies that<jats:italic>penA<\/jats:italic>mosaic allele XXXIV was transferred horizontally. Such isolates also possessed decreased susceptibility and resistance to oral extended-spectrum cephalosporins. These findings support that genetic screening for particular<jats:italic>penA<\/jats:italic>mosaic alleles can be a valuable method for tracking strains with decreased susceptibility as well as resistance to oral extended-spectrum cephalosporins worldwide and that screening using only NG-MAST may not be sufficient.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1128\/aac.00636-12","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2012,8,21]],"date-time":"2012-08-21T04:22:25Z","timestamp":1345522945000},"page":"5633-5641","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/asmj-crossmark-policy-page","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":30,"title":["Genome Sequencing of a Neisseria gonorrhoeae Isolate of a Successful International Clone with Decreased Susceptibility and Resistance to Extended-Spectrum Cephalosporins"],"prefix":"10.1128","volume":"56","author":[{"given":"David","family":"Hess","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biology, Santa Clara University, Santa Clara, California, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Abel","family":"Wu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"San Francisco Public Health Laboratory, San Francisco, California, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Daniel","family":"Golparian","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"WHO Collaborating Centre for Gonorrhoea and Other STIs, \u00d6rebro University Hospital, \u00d6rebro, Sweden"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sarah","family":"Esmaili","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biology, Santa Clara University, Santa Clara, California, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Will","family":"Pandori","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biology, Santa Clara University, Santa Clara, California, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Emilee","family":"Sena","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biology, Santa Clara University, Santa Clara, California, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jeffrey D.","family":"Klausner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Infectious Diseases, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Pennan","family":"Barry","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"San Francisco Department of Public Health, San Francisco, California, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Magnus","family":"Unemo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"WHO Collaborating Centre for Gonorrhoea and Other STIs, \u00d6rebro University Hospital, \u00d6rebro, Sweden"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mark","family":"Pandori","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"San Francisco Public Health Laboratory, San Francisco, California, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"235","reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.00788-10"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-2836(05)80360-2"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.46.12.3744-3749.2002"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1517\/14656560902731993"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"453","DOI":"10.1258\/ijsa.2009.009160","article-title":"2009 European (IUSTI\/WHO) guideline on the diagnosis and treatment of gonorrhoea in adults","volume":"20","author":"Bignell C","year":"2009","unstructured":"BignellC. 2009. 2009 European (IUSTI\/WHO) guideline on the diagnosis and treatment of gonorrhoea in adults. 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