{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,28]],"date-time":"2026-01-28T22:05:33Z","timestamp":1769637933706,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":19,"publisher":"American Society for Microbiology","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2016,9,1]],"date-time":"2016-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1472688000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/non-commercial-tdm-license"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"HHS | National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["UM1AI068633"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UM1AI068633"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"HHS | National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["UM1AI068615"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UM1AI068615"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"HHS | National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["UM1AI106707"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UM1AI106707"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"HHS | National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["P30AI042855"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["P30AI042855"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.asm.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Antimicrob Agents Chemother"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n          <jats:p>Lactation studies are necessary evaluations of medications for reproductive-age women. We evaluated pharmacokinetics (PK), pharmacodynamics, safety, and adherence profiles associated with 7 days of 1% tenofovir (TFV) vaginal gel use during lactation. Tenofovir levels (maternal\/infant serum, milk) and anti-HIV activity (milk), adverse events (AEs), and adherence were measured for 17 HIV-1-seronegative breast-feeding mother-infant pairs. Tenofovir use was well-tolerated and detected at low levels in maternal serum, milk, and infant serum but demonstrated no anti-HIV activity in milk.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1128\/aac.00645-16","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,7,12]],"date-time":"2016-07-12T06:28:56Z","timestamp":1468304936000},"page":"5616-5619","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/asmj-crossmark-policy-page","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Detectable Tenofovir Levels in Breast-Feeding Infants of Mothers Exposed to Topical Tenofovir"],"prefix":"10.1128","volume":"60","author":[{"given":"Lisa M.","family":"Noguchi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Elizabeth T.","family":"Montgomery","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Women's Global Health Imperative, RTI International, San Francisco, California, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Joseph R.","family":"Biggio","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Alabama, Birmingham, Alabama, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Craig W.","family":"Hendrix","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine (Clinical Pharmacology), Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Debra L.","family":"Bogen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sharon L.","family":"Hillier","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology &amp; Reproductive Sciences, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"James Y.","family":"Dai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Statistical Center for HIV\/AIDS Research, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jeanna M.","family":"Piper","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of AIDS\/NIAID, U.S. National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mark A.","family":"Marzinke","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Charlene S.","family":"Dezzutti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology &amp; Reproductive Sciences, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"S. Karen","family":"Isaacs","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Science Facilitation, FHI 360, Durham, North Carolina, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jill L.","family":"Schwartz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CONRAD\/Eastern Virginia Medical School, Arlington, Virginia, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"D. Heather","family":"Watts","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Maternal and Pediatric Infectious Disease Branch\/NICHD\/U.S. National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Richard H.","family":"Beigi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology &amp; Reproductive Sciences, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"235","reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/jwh.2013.4398"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jps.2600780213"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/jir017"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_5_2","volume-title":"Guidance for industry: clinical lactation studies \u2013 study design, data analysis, and recommendations for labeling","author":"US Food and Drug Administration","year":"2005","unstructured":"US Food and Drug Administration. 2005. Guidance for industry: clinical lactation studies \u2013 study design, data analysis, and recommendations for labeling. Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, Food and Drug Administration, Rockville, MD."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1193748"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1410649"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1402269"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_9_2","article-title":"Use of a vaginal ring containing dapivirine for HIV-1 prevention in women","author":"Baeten JM","year":"2016","unstructured":"Baeten JM, Palanee-Phillips T, Brown ER, Schwartz K, Soto-Torres LE, Govender V, Mgodi NM, Matovu Kiweewa F, Nair G, Mhlanga F, Siva S, Bekker LG, Jeenarain N, Gaffoor Z, Martinson F, Makanani B, Pather A, Naidoo L, Husnik M, Richardson BA, Parikh UM, Mellors JW, Marzinke MA, Hendrix CW, van der Straten A, Ramjee G, Chirenje ZM, Nakabiito C, Taha TE, Jones J, Mayo A, Scheckter R, Berthiaume J, Livant E, Jacobson C, Ndase P, White R, Patterson K, Germuga D, Galaska B, Bunge K, Singh D, Szydlo DW, Montgomery ET, Mensch BS, Torjesen K, Grossman CI, Chakhtoura N, Nel A, Rosenberg Z, . 22 February 2016. Use of a vaginal ring containing dapivirine for HIV-1 prevention in women. N Engl J Med Epub ahead of print.","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.01431-12"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/jir562"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_12_2","volume-title":"Antiretroviral Pregnancy Registry international interim report for 1 January 1989 through 31 July 2015","author":"Antiretroviral Pregnancy Registry Steering Committee","year":"2015","unstructured":"Antiretroviral Pregnancy Registry Steering Committee. 2015. Antiretroviral Pregnancy Registry international interim report for 1 January 1989 through 31 July 2015. Registry Coordinating Center, Wilmington, NC."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.00514-10"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/QAI.0b013e3182a921eb"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.49.5.2093-2094.2005"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_16_2","volume-title":"Guidelines for the use of antiretroviral agents in pediatric HIV infection","author":"Panel on Antiretroviral Therapy and Medical Management of HIV-Infected Children","year":"2016","unstructured":"Panel on Antiretroviral Therapy and Medical Management of HIV-Infected Children. 2016. Guidelines for the use of antiretroviral agents in pediatric HIV infection. Office of AIDS Research Advisory Council, HHS Panel on Antiretroviral Therapy and Medical Management of HIV-Infected Children, US Department of Health and Human Services, Washington, DC. http:\/\/aidsinfo.nih.gov\/contentfiles\/lvguidelines\/pediatricguidelines.pdf. 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