{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,7]],"date-time":"2026-07-07T20:35:52Z","timestamp":1783456552870,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":51,"publisher":"American Society for Microbiology","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2011,10,1]],"date-time":"2011-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1317427200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/non-commercial-tdm-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.asm.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Antimicrob Agents Chemother"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2011,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n          <jats:p>\n            Carbaporphyrin ketals are porphyrinoid compounds in which a pyrrole ring of a typical porphyrin macrocycle has been replaced by a ketal-substituted indene ring. It was recently demonstrated that these compounds are effective\n            <jats:italic>in vitro<\/jats:italic>\n            against\n            <jats:named-content xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" content-type=\"genus-species\" xlink:type=\"simple\">Leishmania tarentolae<\/jats:named-content>\n            . Their\n            <jats:italic>in vitro<\/jats:italic>\n            effectiveness is increased when they are exposed to visible light; they act as photosensitizers capable of mediating the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS). Following on this evidence, the effectiveness and cytotoxicity of the dimethyl and diethyl carbaporphyrin ketals (CKOMe and CKOEt, respectively) were determined\n            <jats:italic>in vitro<\/jats:italic>\n            using pathogenic\n            <jats:named-content xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" content-type=\"genus-species\" xlink:type=\"simple\">Leishmania<\/jats:named-content>\n            species with and without exposure to visible light (2 and 4 h). The effectiveness against various pathogenic\n            <jats:named-content xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" content-type=\"genus-species\" xlink:type=\"simple\">Leishmania<\/jats:named-content>\n            species was determined to be in a micromolar range. Additionally, the effect of encapsulating the carbaporphyrin ketals in liposome formulations was tested. Liposomal delivery diminished their toxicity, while the effectiveness was enhanced upon exposure to visible light (photodynamic effect). The cytotoxicity levels for human U937 cells and hamster peritoneal macrophages were in the ranges of 0.3 to 9 \u03bcM and 7 to 330 \u03bcM, respectively. When tested\n            <jats:italic>in vivo<\/jats:italic>\n            , using a hamster (\n            <jats:named-content xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" content-type=\"genus-species\" xlink:type=\"simple\">Mesocricetus auratus<\/jats:named-content>\n            ) model of cutaneous leishmaniasis, CKOMe was active even in the dark, suggesting that the compound, once metabolized in the animal tissue, produces an active ingredient that does not seem to be photosensitive. Reduction in lesion size, histopathologic analyses, and smears confirmed the\n            <jats:italic>in viv<\/jats:italic>\n            o effectiveness of the compound, since the parasitic load was diminished without noticeable toxic effects.\n          <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1128\/aac.00671-11","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2011,7,26]],"date-time":"2011-07-26T03:57:58Z","timestamp":1311652678000},"page":"4755-4764","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/asmj-crossmark-policy-page","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":63,"title":["<i>In Vitro<\/i>\n            and\n            <i>In Vivo<\/i>\n            Studies of the Utility of Dimethyl and Diethyl Carbaporphyrin Ketals in Treatment of Cutaneous Leishmaniasis"],"prefix":"10.1128","volume":"55","author":[{"given":"Viviana M.","family":"Taylor","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"PECET, School of Medicine, Universidad de Antioquia, Medell\u00edn, Colombia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"David L.","family":"Cede\u00f1o","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemistry, Illinois State University, Normal, Illinois"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Diana L.","family":"Mu\u00f1oz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"PECET, School of Medicine, Universidad de Antioquia, Medell\u00edn, Colombia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marjorie A.","family":"Jones","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemistry, Illinois State University, Normal, Illinois"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Timothy D.","family":"Lash","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemistry, Illinois State University, Normal, Illinois"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alexandra M.","family":"Young","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemistry, Illinois State University, Normal, Illinois"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Manuel H.","family":"Constantino","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemistry, Illinois State University, Normal, Illinois"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nicholas","family":"Esposito","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemistry, Illinois State University, Normal, Illinois"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Iv\u00e1n D.","family":"V\u00e9lez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"PECET, School of Medicine, Universidad de Antioquia, Medell\u00edn, Colombia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sara M.","family":"Robledo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"PECET, School of Medicine, Universidad de Antioquia, Medell\u00edn, Colombia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"235","reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vetpar.2004.03.002"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chembiol.2006.06.008"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0625.2007.00578.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1039\/b703521g"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1572-1000(04)00007-9"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.75.6.2959"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00001432-200310000-00005"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pdpdt.2006.04.004"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.2005.72.600"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1572-1000(05)00060-8"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0166-6851(85)90069-6"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1746-6148-2-17"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_14_2","first-page":"399","article-title":"Current scenario of drug development for leishmaniasis","volume":"123","author":"Croft S. 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