{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,9]],"date-time":"2026-10-09T18:59:44Z","timestamp":1791572384695,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":64,"publisher":"American Society for Microbiology","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,15]],"date-time":"2023-11-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1700006400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/ASMCopyrightv2"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,15]],"date-time":"2023-11-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1700006400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/non-commercial-tdm-license"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004543","name":"Chinese scholarship council","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["201806150021"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["201806150021"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004543","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.asm.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Antimicrob Agents Chemother"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,15]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n          <jats:p>\n            The clinical significance of\n            <jats:italic>Pseudomonas aeruginosa<\/jats:italic>\n            infections and the tolerance of this opportunistic pathogen to antibiotic therapy makes the development of novel antimicrobial strategies an urgent need. We previously found that D,L-malic acid potentiates the activity of ciprofloxacin against\n            <jats:italic>P. aeruginosa<\/jats:italic>\n            biofilms grown in a synthetic cystic fibrosis sputum medium by increasing metabolic activity and tricarboxylic acid cycle activity. This suggested a potential new strategy to improve antibiotic therapy in\n            <jats:italic>P. aeruginosa<\/jats:italic>\n            infections. Considering the importance of the microenvironment on microbial antibiotic susceptibility, the present study aims to further investigate the effect of D,L-malate on ciprofloxacin activity against\n            <jats:italic>P. aeruginosa<\/jats:italic>\n            in physiologically relevant infection models, aiming to mimic the infection environment more closely. We used\n            <jats:italic>Caenorhabditis elegans<\/jats:italic>\n            nematodes,\n            <jats:italic>Galleria mellonella<\/jats:italic>\n            larvae, and a 3-D lung epithelial cell model to assess the effect of D,L-malate on ciprofloxacin activity against\n            <jats:italic>P. aeruginosa<\/jats:italic>\n            . D,L-malate was able to significantly enhance ciprofloxacin activity against\n            <jats:italic>P. aeruginosa<\/jats:italic>\n            in both\n            <jats:italic>G. mellonella<\/jats:italic>\n            larvae and the 3-D lung epithelial cell model. In addition, ciprofloxacin combined with D,L-malate significantly improved the survival of infected 3-D cells compared to ciprofloxacin alone. No significant effect of D,L-malate on ciprofloxacin activity against\n            <jats:italic>P. aeruginosa<\/jats:italic>\n            in\n            <jats:italic>C. elegans<\/jats:italic>\n            nematodes was observed. Overall, these data indicate that the outcome of the experiment is influenced by the model system used which emphasizes the importance of using models that reflect the\n            <jats:italic>in vivo<\/jats:italic>\n            environment as closely as possible. Nevertheless, this study confirms the potential of D,L-malate to enhance ciprofloxacin activity against\n            <jats:italic>P. aeru<\/jats:italic>\n            ginosa-associated infections.\n          <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1128\/aac.00682-23","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,11]],"date-time":"2023-10-11T13:15:09Z","timestamp":1697030109000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/asmj-crossmark-policy-page","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Effect of malate on the activity of ciprofloxacin against\n            <i>Pseudomonas aeruginosa<\/i>\n            in different\n            <i>in vivo<\/i>\n            and\n            <i>in vivo<\/i>\n            -like infection models"],"prefix":"10.1128","volume":"67","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1856-263X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Xuerui","family":"Bao","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Microbiology, Ghent University , Ghent, Belgium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ellen","family":"Goeteyn","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Microbiology, Ghent University , Ghent, Belgium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Aur\u00e9lie","family":"Crabb\u00e9","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Microbiology, Ghent University , Ghent, Belgium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6407-0601","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tom","family":"Coenye","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Microbiology, Ghent University , Ghent, 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