{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,10]],"date-time":"2026-10-10T06:57:56Z","timestamp":1791615476135,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":74,"publisher":"American Society for Microbiology","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2012,1,1]],"date-time":"2012-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1325376000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/non-commercial-tdm-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.asm.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Antimicrob Agents Chemother"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2012,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n          <jats:p>\n            <jats:named-content xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" content-type=\"genus-species\" xlink:type=\"simple\">Candida albicans<\/jats:named-content>\n            cells with increased cell wall chitin have reduced echinocandin susceptibility\n            <jats:italic>in vitro<\/jats:italic>\n            . The aim of this study was to investigate whether\n            <jats:named-content xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" content-type=\"genus-species\" xlink:type=\"simple\">C. albicans<\/jats:named-content>\n            cells with elevated chitin levels have reduced echinocandin susceptibility\n            <jats:italic>in vivo<\/jats:italic>\n            . BALB\/c mice were infected with\n            <jats:named-content xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" content-type=\"genus-species\" xlink:type=\"simple\">C. albicans<\/jats:named-content>\n            cells with normal chitin levels and compared to mice infected with high-chitin cells. Caspofungin therapy was initiated at 24 h postinfection. Mice infected with chitin-normal cells were successfully treated with caspofungin, as indicated by reduced kidney fungal burdens, reduced weight loss, and decreased\n            <jats:named-content xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" content-type=\"genus-species\" xlink:type=\"simple\">C. albicans<\/jats:named-content>\n            density in kidney lesions. In contrast, mice infected with high-chitin\n            <jats:named-content xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" content-type=\"genus-species\" xlink:type=\"simple\">C. albicans<\/jats:named-content>\n            cells were less susceptible to caspofungin, as they had higher kidney fungal burdens and greater weight loss during early infection. Cells recovered from mouse kidneys at 24 h postinfection with high-chitin cells had 1.6-fold higher chitin levels than cells from mice infected with chitin-normal cells and maintained a significantly reduced susceptibility to caspofungin when tested\n            <jats:italic>in vitro<\/jats:italic>\n            . At 48 h postinfection, caspofungin treatment induced a further increase in chitin content of\n            <jats:named-content xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" content-type=\"genus-species\" xlink:type=\"simple\">C. albicans<\/jats:named-content>\n            cells harvested from kidneys compared to saline treatment. Some of the recovered clones had acquired, at a low frequency, a point mutation in\n            <jats:italic>FKS1<\/jats:italic>\n            resulting in a S645Y amino acid substitution, a mutation known to confer echinocandin resistance. This occurred even in cells that had not been exposed to caspofungin. Our results suggest that the efficacy of caspofungin against\n            <jats:named-content xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" content-type=\"genus-species\" xlink:type=\"simple\">C. albicans<\/jats:named-content>\n            was reduced\n            <jats:italic>in vivo<\/jats:italic>\n            due to either elevation of chitin levels in the cell wall or acquisition of\n            <jats:italic>FKS1<\/jats:italic>\n            point mutations.\n          <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1128\/aac.00683-11","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2011,10,11]],"date-time":"2011-10-11T05:29:43Z","timestamp":1318310983000},"page":"208-217","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/asmj-crossmark-policy-page","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":206,"title":["Elevated Cell Wall Chitin in Candida albicans Confers Echinocandin Resistance\n            <i>In Vivo<\/i>"],"prefix":"10.1128","volume":"56","author":[{"given":"Keunsook K.","family":"Lee","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Medical Sciences, Institute of Medical Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, United Kingdom"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Donna M.","family":"MacCallum","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Medical Sciences, Institute of Medical Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, United Kingdom"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mette D.","family":"Jacobsen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Medical Sciences, Institute of Medical Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, United Kingdom"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Louise A.","family":"Walker","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Medical Sciences, Institute of Medical Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, United Kingdom"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Frank C.","family":"Odds","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Medical Sciences, Institute of Medical Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, United Kingdom"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Neil A. R.","family":"Gow","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Medical Sciences, Institute of Medical Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, United Kingdom"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Carol A.","family":"Munro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Medical Sciences, Institute of Medical Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, United Kingdom"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"235","reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/gkl899"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/jac\/dkm095"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.01653-05"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/jir351"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.40.4.1290-1297.2002"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.92.23.10570"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.01711-09"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.01004-10"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.00095-07"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_11_2","first-page":"275","article-title":"In vitro susceptibilities to caspofungin and micafungin of clinical isolates of Candida species","volume":"26","author":"Choi HW","year":"2006","unstructured":"ChoiHW. 2006. In vitro susceptibilities to caspofungin and micafungin of clinical isolates of Candida species. Korean J. Lab. Med. 26:275\u2013281.","journal-title":"Korean J. Lab. Med"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.01542-07"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.ppat.1000471"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1118370"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0813394106"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1190859"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(03)14472-8"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_18_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/yea.866"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_19_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.41.11.2471"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_20_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/jb.176.18.5686-5696.1994"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_21_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10096-007-0411-4"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_22_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/genetics\/134.3.717"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_23_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.01154-08"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_24_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.00443-09"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_25_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0014-5793(00)01835-4"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_26_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/523110"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_27_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0378-1119(87)90131-4"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_28_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.01525-06"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_29_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3324\/haematol.11149"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_30_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.00067-07"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_31_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2958.2000.01729.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_32_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.49.9.3616-3623.2005"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_33_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.00349-06"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_34_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3109\/13693780802552606"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_35_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/mmy.39.1.1.8-0"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_36_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.ppat.1001069"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_37_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/jac\/dkl022"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_38_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3349\/ymj.2009.50.1.22"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_39_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.coi.2008.10.002"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_40_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mib.2010.05.002"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_41_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0006420"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_42_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/EC.00387-08"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_43_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.01645-09"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_44_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1439-0507.2005.01121.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_45_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.00328-10"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_46_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.01282-10"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_47_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/EC.00350-07"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_48_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2958.2007.05588.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_49_2","volume-title":"Approved standard, second edition, M27-A2","author":"National Committee for Clinical Laboratory Standards","year":"2002","unstructured":"National Committee for Clinical Laboratory Standards. 2002. Reference method for broth dilution antifungal susceptibility testing of yeasts. Approved standard, second edition, M27-A2. National Committee for Clinical Laboratory Standards, Wayne, PA."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_50_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/jac\/dkq073"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_51_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.49.8.3264-3273.2005"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_52_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.drup.2007.04.002"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_53_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.46.1.12-23.2002"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_54_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.01901-07"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_55_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.43.11.5425-5427.2005"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_56_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.44.3.760-763.2006"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_57_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.00566-08"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_58_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.02390-09"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_59_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fgb.2008.08.003"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_60_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/mmy.39.1.111.121"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_61_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/jac\/dkq081"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_62_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/EC.2.6.1200-1210.2003"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_63_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/21.1.173"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_64_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cub.2009.03.017"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_65_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.ppat.1000532"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_66_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.01686-10"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_67_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.48.9.3407-3411.2004"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_68_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.00563-06"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_69_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/mmbr.61.2.170-192.1997"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_70_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fgb.2009.09.003"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_71_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.ppat.1000040"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_72_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.ppat.0020035"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_73_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.ppat.1000227"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_74_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/13693780802428542"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_75_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.01750-10"}],"container-title":["Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/doi\/pdf\/10.1128\/AAC.00683-11","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/doi\/pdf\/10.1128\/AAC.00683-11","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2022,2,21]],"date-time":"2022-02-21T22:25:24Z","timestamp":1645482324000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/doi\/10.1128\/AAC.00683-11"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2012,1]]},"references-count":74,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2012,1]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1128\/AAC.00683-11"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/aac.00683-11","relation":{},"ISSN":["0066-4804","1098-6596"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0066-4804","type":"print"},{"value":"1098-6596","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2012,1]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2011-05-17","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2011-09-23","order":1,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2012-12-26","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}