{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,30]],"date-time":"2026-09-30T08:11:36Z","timestamp":1790755896766,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":42,"publisher":"American Society for Microbiology","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2010,2,1]],"date-time":"2010-02-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1264982400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/non-commercial-tdm-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.asm.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Antimicrob Agents Chemother"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2010,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n          <jats:p>\n            Various types of the staphylococcal cassette chromosome\n            <jats:italic>mec<\/jats:italic>\n            (SCC\n            <jats:italic>mec<\/jats:italic>\n            ) are known to confer methicillin resistance on the human pathogen\n            <jats:italic>Staphylococcus aureus<\/jats:italic>\n            . Such cassettes are not always stably maintained. The present studies were aimed at identifying the mechanism underlying the\n            <jats:italic>in vivo<\/jats:italic>\n            conversion of methicillin-resistant\n            <jats:italic>S. aureus<\/jats:italic>\n            (MRSA) to methicillin-susceptible\n            <jats:italic>S. aureus<\/jats:italic>\n            (MSSA) derivatives as encountered in two patients suffering from pneumonia and an umbilicus infection, respectively. All MRSA and MSSA isolates identified belong to multilocus sequence type (MLST) 398, have\n            <jats:italic>spa<\/jats:italic>\n            type t034, and are Panton-Valentine leukocidin positive. Sequencing of 27,616 nucleotides from the chromosomal SCC\n            <jats:italic>mec<\/jats:italic>\n            insertion site in\n            <jats:italic>orfX<\/jats:italic>\n            to the\n            <jats:italic>hsdR<\/jats:italic>\n            gene for a restriction enzyme revealed a type V (5C2&amp;5) SCC\n            <jats:italic>mec<\/jats:italic>\n            . Sequence comparisons show that parts of the cassette are highly similar to sequences within SCC\n            <jats:italic>mec<\/jats:italic>\n            elements from coagulase-negative staphylococci, indicating a possible common origin. The cassette investigated contains\n            <jats:italic>ccrC<\/jats:italic>\n            -carrying units on either side of its class C2b\n            <jats:italic>mec<\/jats:italic>\n            gene complex.\n            <jats:italic>In vivo<\/jats:italic>\n            loss of the\n            <jats:italic>mec<\/jats:italic>\n            gene complex was caused by recombination between the recombinase genes\n            <jats:italic>ccrC1<\/jats:italic>\n            allele 8 and\n            <jats:italic>ccrC1<\/jats:italic>\n            allele 10.\n            <jats:italic>In vitro<\/jats:italic>\n            , the SCC\n            <jats:italic>mec<\/jats:italic>\n            was very stable, and low-frequency MRSA-to-MSSA conversion was only observed when MRSA isolates were cultivated at 41\u00b0C for prolonged periods of time. In this case also, loss of the\n            <jats:italic>mec<\/jats:italic>\n            complex was due to\n            <jats:italic>ccrC<\/jats:italic>\n            gene recombination. Interestingly, the MRSA and MSSA isolates studied displayed no detectable differences in competitive growth and virulence, suggesting that the presence of the intact type V (5C2&amp;5) SCC\n            <jats:italic>mec<\/jats:italic>\n            has no negative bearing on staphylococcal fitness under the conditions used.\n          <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1128\/aac.00696-09","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2009,12,8]],"date-time":"2009-12-08T05:28:12Z","timestamp":1260250092000},"page":"783-791","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/asmj-crossmark-policy-page","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":48,"title":["Recombination between\n            <i>ccrC<\/i>\n            Genes in a Type V (5C2&amp;5) Staphylococcal Cassette Chromosome\n            <i>mec<\/i>\n            (SCC\n            <i>mec<\/i>\n            ) of\n            <i>Staphylococcus aureus<\/i>\n            ST398 Leads to Conversion from Methicillin Resistance to Methicillin Susceptibility\n            <i>In Vivo<\/i>"],"prefix":"10.1128","volume":"54","author":[{"given":"Monika A.","family":"Chlebowicz","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Microbiology, University Medical Centre Groningen, and University of Groningen, Hanzeplein 1, P.O. Box 30001, 9700 RB Groningen, The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kristelle","family":"Nganou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Microbiology, University Medical Centre Groningen, and University of Groningen, Hanzeplein 1, P.O. Box 30001, 9700 RB Groningen, The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Svitlana","family":"Kozytska","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institut fu\u0308r Molekulare Infektionsbiologie, Josef-Schneider-Str. 2, D-97080 Wu\u0308rzburg, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jan P.","family":"Arends","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Microbiology, University Medical Centre Groningen, and University of Groningen, Hanzeplein 1, P.O. Box 30001, 9700 RB Groningen, The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Susanne","family":"Engelmann","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institut fu\u0308r Mikrobiologie, Ernst-Moritz-Arndt-Universita\u0308t Greifswald, F.-L.-Jahn-Str. 15, D-17489 Greifswald, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hajo","family":"Grundmann","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Microbiology, University Medical Centre Groningen, and University of Groningen, Hanzeplein 1, P.O. Box 30001, 9700 RB Groningen, The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Knut","family":"Ohlsen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institut fu\u0308r Molekulare Infektionsbiologie, Josef-Schneider-Str. 2, D-97080 Wu\u0308rzburg, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jan Maarten","family":"van Dijl","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Microbiology, University Medical Centre Groningen, and University of Groningen, Hanzeplein 1, P.O. Box 30001, 9700 RB Groningen, The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Girbe","family":"Buist","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Microbiology, University Medical Centre Groningen, and University of Groningen, Hanzeplein 1, P.O. 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