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In this study, we showed that CapD, a \u03b3-polyglutamic acid depolymerase encoded on the<jats:italic>B. anthracis<\/jats:italic>capsule plasmid, degraded purified capsule and removed the capsule from the surface of anthrax bacilli. Treatment with CapD induced macrophage phagocytosis of encapsulated<jats:italic>B. anthracis<\/jats:italic>and enabled human neutrophils to kill encapsulated organisms. A second glutamylase, PghP, a \u03b3-polyglutamic acid hydrolase encoded by<jats:italic>Bacillus subtilis<\/jats:italic>bacteriophage \u03a6NIT1, had minimal activity in degrading<jats:italic>B. anthracis<\/jats:italic>capsule, no effect on macrophage phagocytosis, and only minimal enhancement of neutrophil killing. Thus, the levels of both phagocytosis and killing corresponded to the degree of enzyme-mediated capsule degradation. The use of enzymes to degrade the capsule and enable phagocytic killing of<jats:italic>B. anthracis<\/jats:italic>offers a new approach to the therapy of anthrax.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1128\/aac.00706-06","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2006,12,20]],"date-time":"2006-12-20T18:32:51Z","timestamp":1166639571000},"page":"215-222","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/asmj-crossmark-policy-page","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":91,"title":["Poly-\u03b3-Glutamate Capsule-Degrading Enzyme Treatment Enhances Phagocytosis and Killing of Encapsulated<i>Bacillus anthracis<\/i>"],"prefix":"10.1128","volume":"51","author":[{"given":"Angelo","family":"Scorpio","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"United States Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases, Frederick, Maryland 21702"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Donald J.","family":"Chabot","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"United States Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases, Frederick, Maryland 21702"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"William A.","family":"Day","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"United States Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases, Frederick, Maryland 21702"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"David K.","family":"O'Brien","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"United States Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases, Frederick, Maryland 21702"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nicholas J.","family":"Vietri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"United States Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases, Frederick, Maryland 21702"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yoshifumi","family":"Itoh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Applied Microbiology, National Food Research Institute, Kannondai 2-1-12, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8642, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mansour","family":"Mohamadzadeh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"United States Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases, Frederick, Maryland 21702"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Arthur M.","family":"Friedlander","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"United States Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases, Frederick, Maryland 21702"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"235","reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_2","first-page":"62","volume":"2","year":"1990","unstructured":"Abalakin, V. 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