{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,20]],"date-time":"2026-10-20T15:38:59Z","timestamp":1792510739853,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":42,"publisher":"American Society for Microbiology","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,7]],"date-time":"2026-10-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1791331200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,7]],"date-time":"2026-10-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1791331200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/non-commercial-tdm-license"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100004334","name":"Merck & Co., Inc.","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100004334","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.asm.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Antimicrob Agents Chemother"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title\/>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Ceftolozane\/tazobactam (C\/T) and ceftazidime\/avibactam (C\/A) are frequently used for the treatment of multidrug-resistant\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Pseudomonas aeruginosa<\/jats:italic>\n                      (MDR-PSA) pneumonia. However, comparative \u201creal-world\u201d effectiveness data are limited. We performed a retrospective cohort study within the U.S. Veterans Health Administration (VHA; 2015\u20132019, 2022\u20132024), including adults with microbiologically confirmed MDR-PSA pneumonia receiving C\/T or C\/A within \u22645 days of index culture. Inverse probability of treatment weighting (IPTW) was applied to balance baseline covariates. The primary outcome was 30-day all-cause mortality, and secondary outcomes were 60-day mortality, 90-day mortality, and 30-, 60-, and 90-day MDR-PSA recurrence and all-cause hospital readmission. A prespecified sensitivity analysis examined the effect of early treatment initiation \u226472 h. Among 260 patients (C\/T,\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">n<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 132; C\/A,\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">n<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 128), C\/T recipients demonstrated more extensive prior antimicrobial exposure and substantially longer time-to-therapy (median, 56 versus 19 h;\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>\n                      &lt; 0.001). After IPTW, balance improved across most prespecified covariates, although residual imbalance persisted for age and geographic region. No statistically significant between-group differences were observed in 30-day mortality (adjusted risk ratio [aRR], 1.02; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.56\u20131.83;\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 0.944) or in other clinical outcomes. Among patients with early treatment within 72 h (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">n<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 175), no significant differences in 30-day mortality (aRR, 1.18; 95% CI, 0.47\u20132.93;\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 0.724) or other mortality, recurrence, or readmission outcomes were observed between C\/T and C\/A. In this national VHA cohort, C\/T and C\/A demonstrated comparable clinical, microbiologic, and healthcare utilization outcomes. These findings support consideration of either C\/T or C\/A for MDR-PSA pneumonia when used at appropriate doses.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1128\/aac.00707-26","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,9]],"date-time":"2026-09-09T14:44:09Z","timestamp":1788965049000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/asmj-crossmark-policy-page","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Comparative effectiveness of ceftolozane\/tazobactam relative to ceftazidime\/avibactam for the treatment of adult, hospitalized patients with pneumonia due to multidrug-resistant\n                    <i>Pseudomonas aeruginosa<\/i>\n                    in U.S. Veterans Health Administration facilities"],"prefix":"10.1128","volume":"70","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0004-7823-2570","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nicholas S.","family":"Britt","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/001tmjg57","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"Department of Pharmacy Practice, University of Kansas School of Pharmacy","place":["Lawrence, USA"]},{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/001tmjg57","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"Department of Internal Medicine, University of Kansas School of Medicine","place":["Kansas City, USA"]},{"name":"Dwight D. Eisenhower Veterans Affairs Medical Center","place":["Leavenworth, USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Karim","family":"Khader","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/03r0ha626","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"Department of Internal Medicine, University of Utah School of Medicine","place":["Salt Lake City, USA"]},{"name":"Veterans Affairs Salt Lake City Health Care System","place":["Salt Lake City, USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tao","family":"He","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/03r0ha626","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"Department of Internal Medicine, University of Utah School of Medicine","place":["Salt Lake City, USA"]},{"name":"Veterans Affairs Salt Lake City Health Care System","place":["Salt Lake City, USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Emily M.","family":"Potter","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Dwight D. Eisenhower Veterans Affairs Medical Center","place":["Leavenworth, USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4730-0655","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Thomas P.","family":"Lodise","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/014hfaw95","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"Department of Pharmacy Practice, Albany College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences","place":["Albany, USA"]},{"name":"Samuel S. Stratton Veterans Affairs Medical Center","place":["Albany, USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"235","reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_5_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/ice.2016.174"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1306801"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/CCM.0000000000004371"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cmi.2021.11.025"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/ciac268"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s13756-021-00933-8"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijantimicag.2018.07.004"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1473-3099(17)30747-8"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1473-3099(19)30403-7"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/ciz816"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2147\/IDR.S350976"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/ciaa003"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/antibiotics11050626"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijantimicag.2023.106872"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1473-3099(24)00648-0"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/jac\/dkae313"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_18_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/aac.00405-23"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_19_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/aac.00735-25"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_20_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/antibiotics13080699"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_21_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/aac.00907-24"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_22_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1378\/chest.07-1825"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_23_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ckj\/sfab158"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_24_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0021-9681(87)90171-8"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_25_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/phar.2446"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_26_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.00338-07"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_27_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amjms.2018.11.009"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_28_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jamanetworkopen.2022.1754"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_29_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jamanetworkopen.2020.34266"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_30_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11606-022-07413-8"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_31_2","unstructured":"American Society of Health-System Pharmacists. 2022. Ceftolozane and tazobactam injection. Drug Shortages. University of Utah Drug Information Service. Available from: https:\/\/www.ashp.org\/drug-shortages\/current-shortages\/drug-shortage-detail.aspx?id=705. Retrieved 30 Jul 2026."},{"key":"e_1_3_5_32_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ofid\/ofad500.2423"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_33_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ofid\/ofac492.846"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_34_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/jamiaopen\/ooac114"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_35_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0038-1626725"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_36_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41591-024-02987-8"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_37_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jamahealthforum.2023.4964"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_38_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/MLR.0000000000002159"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_39_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10742-018-0178-3"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_40_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-0691.2011.03570.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_41_2","unstructured":"Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. 2022. Antimicrobial-resistant phenotype definitions: analysis of antimicrobial-resistant organisms in NHSN. 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