{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,27]],"date-time":"2026-09-27T05:01:36Z","timestamp":1790485296331,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":49,"publisher":"American Society for Microbiology","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2013,11,1]],"date-time":"2013-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1383264000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/non-commercial-tdm-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.asm.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Antimicrob Agents Chemother"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2013,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n          <jats:p>\n            We investigated the mechanisms of resistance to carbapenems, aminoglycosides, glycylcyclines, tetracyclines, and quinolones in 90 multiresistant clinical strains of\n            <jats:named-content xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" content-type=\"genus-species\" xlink:type=\"simple\">Acinetobacter baumannii<\/jats:named-content>\n            isolated from two genetically unrelated\n            <jats:named-content xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" content-type=\"genus-species\" xlink:type=\"simple\">A. baumannii<\/jats:named-content>\n            clones: clone PFGE-ROC-1 (53 strains producing the OXA-58 \u03b2-lactamase enzyme and 18 strains with the OXA-24 \u03b2-lactamase) and clone PFGE-HUI-1 (19 strains susceptible to carbapenems). We used real-time reverse transcriptase PCR to correlate antimicrobial resistance (MICs) with expression of genes encoding chromosomal \u03b2-lactamases (AmpC and OXA-51), porins (OmpA, CarO, Omp33, Dcap-like, OprB, Omp25, OprC, OprD, and OmpW), and proteins integral to six efflux systems (AdeABC, AdeIJK, AdeFGH, CraA, AbeM, and AmvA). Overexpression of the AdeABC system (level of expression relative to that by\n            <jats:named-content xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" content-type=\"genus-species\" xlink:type=\"simple\">A. baumannii<\/jats:named-content>\n            ATCC 17978, 30- to 45-fold) was significantly associated with resistance to tigecycline, minocycline, and gentamicin and other biological functions. However, hyperexpression of the AdeIJK efflux pump (level of expression relative to that by\n            <jats:named-content xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" content-type=\"genus-species\" xlink:type=\"simple\">A. baumannii<\/jats:named-content>\n            ATCC 17978, 8- to 10-fold) was significantly associated only with resistance to tigecycline and minocycline (to which the TetB efflux system also contributed). TetB and TetA(39) efflux pumps were detected in clinical strains and were associated with resistance to tetracyclines and doxycycline. The absence of the AdeABC system and the lack of expression of other mechanisms suggest that tigecycline-resistant strains of the PFGE-HUI-1 clone may be associated with a novel resistance-nodulation-cell efflux pump (decreased MICs in the presence of the inhibitor Phe-Arg \u03b2-naphthylamide dihydrochloride) and the TetA(39) system.\n          <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1128\/aac.00730-13","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2013,8,13]],"date-time":"2013-08-13T03:35:50Z","timestamp":1376364950000},"page":"5247-5257","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/asmj-crossmark-policy-page","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":173,"title":["Contribution of Efflux Pumps, Porins, and \u03b2-Lactamases to Multidrug Resistance in Clinical Isolates of Acinetobacter baumannii"],"prefix":"10.1128","volume":"57","author":[{"given":"C.","family":"Rumbo","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology, Complejo Hospitalario Universitario a Coru\u00f1a-INIBIC, La Coru\u00f1a, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"E.","family":"Gato","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology, Complejo Hospitalario Universitario a Coru\u00f1a-INIBIC, La Coru\u00f1a, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"M.","family":"L\u00f3pez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology, Complejo Hospitalario Universitario a Coru\u00f1a-INIBIC, La Coru\u00f1a, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"C.","family":"Ruiz de Alegr\u00eda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Microbiology, Hospital Universitario Marqu\u00e9s de Valdecilla-IFIMAV, Santander, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"F.","family":"Fern\u00e1ndez-Cuenca","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinical Unit of Infectious Diseases and Microbiology, Hospital Universitario Virgen Macarena, Seville, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"L.","family":"Mart\u00ednez-Mart\u00ednez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Microbiology, Hospital Universitario Marqu\u00e9s de Valdecilla-IFIMAV, Santander, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"J.","family":"Vila","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Microbiology, Hospital Clinic-CRESIB, School of Medicine, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"J.","family":"Pach\u00f3n","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Biomedicine of Seville (IBiS), University Hospital Virgen del Roc\u00edo\/CSIC\/University of Seville, Seville, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"J. 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