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There are new antimicrobials available with activity against MDR-\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P. aeruginosa,<\/jats:italic>\n                      but there is a lack of robust evidence synthesis to guide clinical decision-making for patients with infections caused by MDR-\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P. aeruginosa<\/jats:italic>\n                      . This study, which was supported by Merck &amp; Co., Inc., aimed to evaluate the real-world effectiveness of ceftolozane\/tazobactam (C\/T) compared to other commonly used therapies (aminoglycosides\/polymyxins and ceftazidime\/avibactam [CZA]) among adults with MDR-\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P. aeruginosa<\/jats:italic>\n                      infections. A systematic literature review was conducted to identify real-world clinical and healthcare-resource utilization outcomes for C\/T versus comparators. A feasibility assessment excluded comparators that were not aminoglycosides\/polymyxins or CZA due to insufficient data for comparisons. A meta-analysis and network meta-analysis (NMA) were conducted on the included studies. Heterogeneity between the studies was calculated using\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">I<\/jats:italic>\n                      <jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\n                      statistic. The NMA displayed statistically significant results for clinical cure (odds ratio [OR] = 0.308, 95% CI = 0.168\u20130.515) and all-cause mortality (OR = 1.651, 95% CI = 1.114\u20132.501) for C\/T versus aminoglycosides\/polymyxins, while microbiological cure and length of stay did not display statistical significance. However, comparisons for C\/T versus CZA demonstrated no statistical significance for any of the outcomes explored. These findings suggest that C\/T is more likely to achieve clinical cure and less likely to result in all-cause mortality compared to aminoglycosides\/polymyxins. In the absence of head-to-head trials, this real-world evidence indicates potential advantages of using C\/T over aminoglycosides\/polymyxins for MDR-\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P. aeruginosa<\/jats:italic>\n                      infections. Larger prospective studies with standardized outcome measures are needed to further inform clinical decision-making.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1128\/aac.00735-25","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,14]],"date-time":"2026-01-14T14:00:23Z","timestamp":1768399223000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/asmj-crossmark-policy-page","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["A systematic literature review and (network) meta-analysis of the effectiveness of ceftolozane\/tazobactam versus aminoglycosides\/polymyxins and ceftazidime\/avibactam for treating adult patients with multidrug-resistant\n                    <i>Pseudomonas aeruginosa<\/i>\n                    infections"],"prefix":"10.1128","volume":"70","author":[{"given":"Hannah","family":"Collings","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Adelphi Values PROVE","place":["Bollington, United Kingdom"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0002-1828-9474","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Medi","family":"Stone","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Adelphi Values PROVE","place":["Bollington, United Kingdom"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maria","family":"Chrysostomou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Adelphi Values PROVE","place":["Bollington, United Kingdom"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alex","family":"Hirst","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Adelphi Values PROVE","place":["Bollington, United Kingdom"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Todd Edward","family":"Waldenberg","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Merck & Co., Inc","place":["Rahway, USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6036-9526","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Emre","family":"Yucel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Merck & Co., Inc","place":["Rahway, USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Thomas","family":"Iodise","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Merck & Co., Inc","place":["Rahway, USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"235","reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_4_2_2","volume-title":"Gram negative bacteria","author":"Oliveira J","year":"2020","unstructured":"Oliveira J, Reygaert WC. 2020. 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