{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,10]],"date-time":"2026-08-10T20:59:14Z","timestamp":1786395554588,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":41,"publisher":"American Society for Microbiology","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2016,10,1]],"date-time":"2016-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1475280000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/non-commercial-tdm-license"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003725","name":"National Research Foundation of Korea","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["NRF-2015R1A2A1A01003959"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["NRF-2015R1A2A1A01003959"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003725","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003710","name":"Korea Health Industry Development Institute","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["HI15C2778"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["HI15C2778"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003710","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.asm.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Antimicrob Agents Chemother"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n          <jats:p>\n            Macrolides, such as azithromycin (AZM) and clarithromycin, are the cornerstones of treatment for\n            <jats:named-content xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" content-type=\"genus-species\" xlink:type=\"simple\">Mycobacterium avium<\/jats:named-content>\n            complex lung disease (MAC-LD). Current guidelines recommend daily therapy with AZM for cavitary MAC-LD and intermittent therapy for noncavitary MAC-LD, but the effectiveness of these regimens has not been thoroughly investigated. This study evaluated associations between microbiological response and estimated peak plasma concentrations (\n            <jats:italic>C<\/jats:italic>\n            <jats:sub>max<\/jats:sub>\n            ) of AZM. The AZM\n            <jats:italic>C<\/jats:italic>\n            <jats:sub>max<\/jats:sub>\n            was measured in patients receiving daily therapy (250 mg of AZM daily,\n            <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n            = 77) or intermittent therapy (500 mg of AZM three times weekly,\n            <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n            = 89) for MAC-LD and daily therapy for\n            <jats:named-content xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" content-type=\"genus-species\" xlink:type=\"simple\">Mycobacterium abscessus<\/jats:named-content>\n            complex LD (MABC-LD) (250 mg of AZM daily,\n            <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n            = 55). The AZM\n            <jats:italic>C<\/jats:italic>\n            <jats:sub>max<\/jats:sub>\n            was lower with the daily regimen for MAC-LD (median, 0.24 \u03bcg\/ml) than with the intermittent regimen for MAC-LD (median, 0.65 \u03bcg\/ml;\n            <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n            &lt; 0.001) or daily therapy for MABC-LD (median, 0.53 \u03bcg\/ml;\n            <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n            &lt; 0.001). After adjusting for confounding factors, AZM\n            <jats:italic>C<\/jats:italic>\n            <jats:sub>max<\/jats:sub>\n            was independently associated with favorable microbiological responses in MAC-LD patients receiving a daily regimen (adjusted odds ratio [aOR], 1.58; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.01 to 2.48;\n            <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n            = 0.044) but not an intermittent regimen (aOR, 0.85; 95% CI, 0.58 to 1.23,\n            <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n            = 0.379). With the daily AZM-based multidrug regimen for MAC-LD, a low AZM\n            <jats:italic>C<\/jats:italic>\n            <jats:sub>max<\/jats:sub>\n            was common, whereas a higher AZM\n            <jats:italic>C<\/jats:italic>\n            <jats:sub>max<\/jats:sub>\n            was associated with favorable microbiologic responses. The results also suggested that the addition of rifampin may lower AZM\n            <jats:italic>C<\/jats:italic>\n            <jats:sub>max<\/jats:sub>\n            . When a daily AZM-based multidrug regimen is used for treating severe MAC-LD, such as cavitary disease, the currently recommended AZM dose might be suboptimal. (This study has been registered at ClinicalTrials.gov under identifier NCT00970801.)\n          <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1128\/aac.00770-16","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,8,2]],"date-time":"2016-08-02T03:04:34Z","timestamp":1470107074000},"page":"6076-6083","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/asmj-crossmark-policy-page","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":62,"title":["Peak Plasma Concentration of Azithromycin and Treatment Responses in Mycobacterium avium Complex Lung Disease"],"prefix":"10.1128","volume":"60","author":[{"given":"Byeong-Ho","family":"Jeong","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kyeongman","family":"Jeon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hye Yun","family":"Park","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Seong Mi","family":"Moon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Su-Young","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Soo-Youn","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Laboratory Medicine and Genetics, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sung Jae","family":"Shin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Charles L.","family":"Daley","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Mycobacterial and Respiratory Infections, Department of Medicine, National Jewish Health, Denver, Colorado, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Won-Jung","family":"Koh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Samsung 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