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Antibiotic resistance is a serious concern, as the organism has a wide variety of intrinsic resistance mechanisms, including chromosomal class C (\n                      <jats:italic>bla<\/jats:italic>\n                      <jats:sub>ADC<\/jats:sub>\n                      ) and D (\n                      <jats:italic>bla<\/jats:italic>\n                      <jats:sub>OXA-51<\/jats:sub>\n                      family) \u03b2-lactamases, and the ability to readily acquire additional \u03b2-lactamases. Surveillance studies can reveal the diversity and distribution of \u03b2-lactamase alleles, but are difficult and expensive to conduct. Herein, we describe an approach using publicly available data derived from whole genome sequences, to explore the diversity and distribution of \u03b2-lactamase alleles across 28,330 isolates. The most common intrinsic alleles at the time of writing were\n                      <jats:italic>bla<\/jats:italic>\n                      <jats:sub>ADC-73<\/jats:sub>\n                      ,\n                      <jats:italic>bla<\/jats:italic>\n                      <jats:sub>ADC-30<\/jats:sub>\n                      ,\n                      <jats:italic>bla<\/jats:italic>\n                      <jats:sub>ADC-222<\/jats:sub>\n                      ,\n                      <jats:italic>bla<\/jats:italic>\n                      <jats:sub>ADC-33<\/jats:sub>\n                      , and\n                      <jats:italic>bla<\/jats:italic>\n                      <jats:sub>OXA-66<\/jats:sub>\n                      , and the most common acquired allele was\n                      <jats:italic>bla<\/jats:italic>\n                      <jats:sub>OXA-23<\/jats:sub>\n                      . Interestingly, only 63.0% of assigned\n                      <jats:italic>bla<\/jats:italic>\n                      <jats:sub>ADC<\/jats:sub>\n                      alleles were encountered and the 10 most common\n                      <jats:italic>bla<\/jats:italic>\n                      <jats:sub>ADC<\/jats:sub>\n                      and intrinsic\n                      <jats:italic>bla<\/jats:italic>\n                      <jats:sub>OXA<\/jats:sub>\n                      alleles represented approximately 75% of their respective gene totals while dozens were extremely infrequent. Differences were observed over time and geography. Surprisingly, more distinct unassigned (i.e., lacking a\n                      <jats:italic>bla<\/jats:italic>\n                      <jats:sub>ADC<\/jats:sub>\n                      or\n                      <jats:italic>bla<\/jats:italic>\n                      <jats:sub>OXA<\/jats:sub>\n                      number) alleles were encountered than distinct, assigned alleles. Understanding the diversity and distribution of \u03b2-lactamase alleles helps to prioritize variants for further research, selects targets for drug development, and may aid in selecting therapies for a given infection.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1128\/aac.00784-24","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,10]],"date-time":"2025-02-10T09:01:20Z","timestamp":1739178080000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/asmj-crossmark-policy-page","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":35,"title":["\u03b2-Lactamase diversity in\n                    <i>Acinetobacter baumannii<\/i>"],"prefix":"10.1128","volume":"69","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0131-7996","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Andrew R.","family":"Mack","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Molecular Biology and Microbiology, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine","place":["Cleveland, USA"]},{"name":"Research Service, Louis Stokes Cleveland Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center","place":["Cleveland, USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Andrea M.","family":"Hujer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Research Service, Louis Stokes Cleveland Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center","place":["Cleveland, USA"]},{"name":"Department of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine","place":["Cleveland, USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1380-9824","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Maria F.","family":"Mojica","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Molecular Biology and Microbiology, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine","place":["Cleveland, USA"]},{"name":"Research Service, Louis Stokes Cleveland Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center","place":["Cleveland, USA"]},{"name":"CWRU-Cleveland VAMC Center for Antimicrobial Resistance and Epidemiology (Case VA CARES)","place":["Cleveland, USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Magdalena A.","family":"Taracila","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Research Service, Louis Stokes Cleveland Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center","place":["Cleveland, USA"]},{"name":"Department of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine","place":["Cleveland, USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michael","family":"Feldgarden","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Center for Biotechnology Information, National Library of Medicine, National Institutes of Health","place":["Bethesda, USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8101-4938","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Daniel H.","family":"Haft","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Center for Biotechnology Information, National Library of Medicine, National Institutes of Health","place":["Bethesda, USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"William","family":"Klimke","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Center for Biotechnology Information, National Library of Medicine, National Institutes of Health","place":["Bethesda, USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Arjun B.","family":"Prasad","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Center for Biotechnology Information, National Library of Medicine, National Institutes of Health","place":["Bethesda, USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3299-894X","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Robert A.","family":"Bonomo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Molecular Biology and Microbiology, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine","place":["Cleveland, USA"]},{"name":"Research Service, Louis Stokes Cleveland Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center","place":["Cleveland, USA"]},{"name":"Department of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine","place":["Cleveland, USA"]},{"name":"CWRU-Cleveland VAMC Center for Antimicrobial Resistance and Epidemiology (Case VA CARES)","place":["Cleveland, USA"]},{"name":"Department of Pharmacology, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine","place":["Cleveland, USA"]},{"name":"Department of Biochemistry, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine","place":["Cleveland, USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"235","reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10096-007-0365-6"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/529198"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/ciad109"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_5_2","unstructured":"World Health Organization. 2024. 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