{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,5]],"date-time":"2026-10-05T21:07:15Z","timestamp":1791234435619,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":31,"publisher":"American Society for Microbiology","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2007,11,1]],"date-time":"2007-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1193875200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/non-commercial-tdm-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.asm.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Antimicrob Agents Chemother"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2007,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n          <jats:p>\n            In recent years\n            <jats:italic>mef<\/jats:italic>\n            genes, encoding efflux pumps responsible for M-type macrolide resistance, have been investigated extensively for streptococci.\n            <jats:italic>mef<\/jats:italic>\n            (I) is a recently described\n            <jats:italic>mef<\/jats:italic>\n            variant detected in particular isolates of\n            <jats:italic>Streptococcus pneumoniae<\/jats:italic>\n            instead of the more common\n            <jats:italic>mef<\/jats:italic>\n            (E) and\n            <jats:italic>mef<\/jats:italic>\n            (A). This study shows that\n            <jats:italic>mef<\/jats:italic>\n            (I) is located in a new composite genetic element, whose sequence was completely analyzed and the left and right junctions determined, demonstrating a unique genetic organization. The new composite structure (30,505 bp), designated the 5216IQ complex, consists of two halves: a left one (15,316 bp) formed by parts of the known transposons Tn\n            <jats:italic>5252<\/jats:italic>\n            and Tn\n            <jats:italic>916<\/jats:italic>\n            , and a right one (15,115 bp) formed by a new fragment, designated the IQ element. While the defective Tn\n            <jats:italic>916<\/jats:italic>\n            contained a silent\n            <jats:italic>tet<\/jats:italic>\n            (M) gene, the IQ element, ending with identical transposase genes on both sides and containing the\n            <jats:italic>mef<\/jats:italic>\n            (I) gene with an adjacent new\n            <jats:italic>msr<\/jats:italic>\n            (D) gene variant and a\n            <jats:italic>catQ<\/jats:italic>\n            chloramphenicol acetyltransferase gene, was completely different from the genetic elements carrying other\n            <jats:italic>mef<\/jats:italic>\n            genes in pneumococci. This is the first report demonstrating\n            <jats:italic>catQ<\/jats:italic>\n            in\n            <jats:italic>S. pneumoniae<\/jats:italic>\n            and showing its linkage with a\n            <jats:italic>mef<\/jats:italic>\n            gene. Analysis of the chromosomal region beyond the left junction revealed an organization more similar to that of\n            <jats:italic>S. pneumoniae<\/jats:italic>\n            strain TIGR4 than to that of strain R6. The 5216IQ complex was apparently nonmobile, with no detectable transfer of erythromycin resistance being obtained in repeated transformation and conjugation assays.\n          <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1128\/aac.00790-07","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2007,8,21]],"date-time":"2007-08-21T00:59:14Z","timestamp":1187657954000},"page":"3983-3987","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/asmj-crossmark-policy-page","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":42,"title":["Composite Structure of\n            <i>Streptococcus pneumoniae<\/i>\n            Containing the Erythromycin Efflux Resistance Gene\n            <i>mef<\/i>\n            (I) and the Chloramphenicol Resistance Gene\n            <i>catQ<\/i>"],"prefix":"10.1128","volume":"51","author":[{"given":"Marina","family":"Mingoia","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Microbiology and Biomedical Sciences, Polytechnic University of Marche Medical School, 60020 Ancona"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Manuela","family":"Vecchi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Microbiology and Biomedical Sciences, Polytechnic University of Marche Medical School, 60020 Ancona"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ileana","family":"Cochetti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Microbiology and Biomedical Sciences, Polytechnic University of Marche Medical School, 60020 Ancona"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Emily","family":"Tili","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Microbiology and Biomedical Sciences, Polytechnic University of Marche Medical School, 60020 Ancona"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Luca A.","family":"Vitali","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Molecular, Cellular and Animal Biology, Chair of Microbiology, University of Camerino, 62032 Camerino"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Aldo","family":"Manzin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomedical Sciences and Technologies, Section of Medical Microbiology, University of Cagliari, 09100 Cagliari, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Pietro E.","family":"Varaldo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Microbiology and Biomedical Sciences, Polytechnic University of Marche Medical School, 60020 Ancona"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maria Pia","family":"Montanari","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Microbiology and Biomedical Sciences, Polytechnic University of Marche Medical School, 60020 Ancona"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"235","reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-4899-1825-3_242"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.49.10.4203-4209.2005"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.40.9.3313-3318.2002"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/jac\/dki490"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/jb.173.5.1617-1622.1991"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/379897"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.01484-06"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2958.1996.01521.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2958.2000.01718.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0966-842X(00)88930-1"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/jac\/dkm120"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.49.12.4999-5006.2005"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_14_2","first-page":"150","year":"2004","unstructured":"Cornaglia, G., and A. 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Karger, Basel, Switzerland.","journal-title":"Streptococcal pharyngitis."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.42.8.3570-3574.2004"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.48.6.2037-2042.2004"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/321001"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_18_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.47.9.2844-2849.2003"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_19_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.42.6.1493"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_20_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/jb.176.16.5145-5150.1994"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_21_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.46.9.2727-2734.2002"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_22_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.42.9.2312"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_23_2","first-page":"8.81","year":"2001","unstructured":"Sambrook, J., and D. W. Russell. 2001. Molecular cloning: a laboratory manual, 3rd ed., p. 8.81-8.85. 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