{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,29]],"date-time":"2025-09-29T15:45:22Z","timestamp":1759160722335},"reference-count":39,"publisher":"American Society for Microbiology","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2009,11,1]],"date-time":"2009-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1257033600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/non-commercial-tdm-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.asm.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Antimicrob Agents Chemother"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2009,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n          <jats:p>\n            Alcian Blue (AB), a phthalocyanine derivative, is able to prevent infection by a wide spectrum of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1), HIV-2, and simian immunodeficiency virus strains in various cell types [T cells, (co)receptor-transfected cells, and peripheral blood mononuclear cells]. With the exception of herpes simplex virus, AB is inactive against a broad variety of other (DNA and RNA) viruses. Time-of-addition studies show that AB prevents HIV-1 infection at the virus entry stage, exactly at the same time as carbohydrate-binding agents do. AB also efficiently prevents fusion between persistently HIV-1-infected HUT-78 cells and uninfected (CD4\n            <jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\n            ) lymphocytes, DC-SIGN-directed HIV-1 capture, and subsequent transmission to uninfected (CD4\n            <jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\n            ) T lymphocytes. Prolonged passaging of HIV-1 at dose-escalating concentrations of AB resulted in the selection of mutant virus strains in which several N-glycans of the HIV-1 gp120 envelope were deleted and in which positively charged amino acid mutations in both gp120 and gp41 appeared. A mutant virus strain in which four N-glycans were deleted showed a 10-fold decrease in sensitivity to the inhibitory effect of AB. These data suggest that AB is likely endowed with carbohydrate-binding properties and can be considered an important lead compound in the development of novel synthetic nonpeptidic antiviral drugs targeting the glycans of the envelope of HIV.\n          <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1128\/aac.00811-09","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2009,9,1]],"date-time":"2009-09-01T01:36:01Z","timestamp":1251768961000},"page":"4852-4859","update-policy":"http:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.1128\/asmj-crossmark-policy-page","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["The Phthalocyanine Prototype Derivative Alcian Blue Is the First Synthetic Agent with Selective Anti-Human Immunodeficiency Virus Activity Due to Its gp120 Glycan-Binding Potential"],"prefix":"10.1128","volume":"53","author":[{"given":"Katrien O.","family":"Franc\u0327ois","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Rega Institute for Medical Research, K.U. 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