{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,7]],"date-time":"2026-03-07T01:49:22Z","timestamp":1772848162686,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":35,"publisher":"American Society for Microbiology","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2015,10,1]],"date-time":"2015-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1443657600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/non-commercial-tdm-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.asm.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Antimicrob Agents Chemother"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2015,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n          <jats:p>\n            In 2011 a surveillance study for the susceptibility to fidaxomicin and epidemiology of\n            <jats:named-content xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" content-type=\"genus-species\" xlink:type=\"simple\">Clostridium difficile<\/jats:named-content>\n            isolates in the United States was undertaken in seven geographically dispersed medical centers. This report encompasses baseline surveillance in 2011 and 2012 on 925 isolates. A convenience sample of\n            <jats:named-content xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" content-type=\"genus-species\" xlink:type=\"simple\">C. difficile<\/jats:named-content>\n            isolates or toxin positive stools from patients were referred to a central laboratory. Antimicrobial susceptibility was determined by agar dilution (CLSI M11-A8). Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI), Food and Drug Administration, or European Union of Clinical Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing (EUCAST) breakpoints were applied where applicable. Toxin gene profiles were characterized by multiplex PCR on each isolate. A random sample of 322 strains, stratified by institution, underwent restriction endonuclease analysis (REA). The fidaxomicin MIC\n            <jats:sub>90<\/jats:sub>\n            was 0.5 \u03bcg\/ml for all isolates regardless of REA type or toxin gene profile, and all isolates were inhibited at \u22641.0 \u03bcg\/ml. By REA typing, BI strains represented 25.5% of the isolates. The toxin gene profile of\n            <jats:italic>tcdA<\/jats:italic>\n            ,\n            <jats:italic>tcdB<\/jats:italic>\n            , and\n            <jats:italic>cdtA\/B<\/jats:italic>\n            positive with a\n            <jats:italic>tcdC<\/jats:italic>\n            18-bp deletion correlated with BI REA group. Moxifloxacin and clindamycin resistance was increased among either BI or binary toxin-positive isolates. Metronidazole and vancomycin showed reduced susceptibility (EUCAST criteria) in these isolates. Geographic variations in susceptibility, REA group and binary toxin gene presence were observed. Fidaxomicin activity against\n            <jats:named-content xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" content-type=\"genus-species\" xlink:type=\"simple\">C. difficile<\/jats:named-content>\n            isolated in a national surveillance study did not change more than 1 year after licensure. This analysis provides baseline results for future comparisons.\n          <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1128\/aac.00845-15","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,8,4]],"date-time":"2015-08-04T02:44:26Z","timestamp":1438656266000},"page":"6437-6443","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/asmj-crossmark-policy-page","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":60,"title":["U.S.-Based National Sentinel Surveillance Study for the Epidemiology of Clostridium difficile-Associated Diarrheal Isolates and Their Susceptibility to Fidaxomicin"],"prefix":"10.1128","volume":"59","author":[{"given":"D. R.","family":"Snydman","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Tufts Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts, USA"},{"name":"Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"L. A.","family":"McDermott","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Tufts Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"N. 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Alden Research Laboratory, Santa Monica, California, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"R.","family":"Patel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"B. A.","family":"Forbes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Virginia Commonwealth University Medical Center, Richmond, Virginia, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"S.","family":"Mirrett","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Duke University Health System, Durham, North Carolina, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"S.","family":"Johnson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hines VA Hospital, Hines, Illinois, USA"},{"name":"Loyola University Chicago, Maywood, Illinois, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"D. 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