{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,22]],"date-time":"2026-10-22T12:47:56Z","timestamp":1792673276624,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":38,"publisher":"American Society for Microbiology","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2006,6,1]],"date-time":"2006-06-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1149120000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/non-commercial-tdm-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.asm.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Antimicrob Agents Chemother"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2006,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n          <jats:p>\n            Assessing bacterial viability by molecular markers might help accelerate the measurement of antibiotic-induced killing. This study investigated whether rRNA could be suitable for this purpose. Cultures of penicillin-susceptible and penicillin-tolerant (Tol1 mutant)\n            <jats:italic>Streptococcus gordonii<\/jats:italic>\n            were exposed to mechanistically different penicillin and levofloxacin. Bacterial survival was assessed by viable counts and compared to quantitative real-time PCR amplification of either the 16S rRNA genes or the 16S rRNA, following reverse transcription. Penicillin-susceptible\n            <jats:italic>S. gordonii<\/jats:italic>\n            lost \u22654 log\n            <jats:sub>10<\/jats:sub>\n            CFU\/ml of viability over 48 h of penicillin treatment. In comparison, the Tol1 mutant lost \u22641 log\n            <jats:sub>10<\/jats:sub>\n            CFU\/ml. Amplification of a 427-bp fragment of 16S rRNA genes yielded amplicons that increased proportionally to viable counts during bacterial growth but did not decrease during drug-induced killing. In contrast, the same 427-bp fragment amplified from 16S rRNA paralleled both bacterial growth and drug-induced killing. It also differentiated between penicillin-induced killing of the parent and the Tol1 mutant (\u22654 log\n            <jats:sub>10<\/jats:sub>\n            CFU\/ml and \u22641 log\n            <jats:sub>10<\/jats:sub>\n            CFU\/ml, respectively) and detected killing by mechanistically unrelated levofloxacin. Since large fragments of polynucleotides might be degraded faster than smaller fragments, the experiments were repeated by amplifying a 119-bp region internal to the original 427-bp fragment. The amount of 119-bp amplicons increased proportionally to viability during growth but remained stable during drug treatment. Thus, 16S rRNA was a marker of antibiotic-induced killing, but the size of the amplified fragment was critical for differentiation between live and dead bacteria.\n          <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1128\/aac.00869-05","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2006,5,24]],"date-time":"2006-05-24T21:13:58Z","timestamp":1148505238000},"page":"1913-1920","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/asmj-crossmark-policy-page","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":58,"title":["Detection of Live and Antibiotic-Killed Bacteria by Quantitative Real-Time PCR of Specific Fragments of rRNA"],"prefix":"10.1128","volume":"50","author":[{"given":"Steve","family":"Aellen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois, Lausanne, Switzerland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yok-Ai","family":"Que","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois, Lausanne, Switzerland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bertrand","family":"Guignard","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Fundamental Microbiology, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marisa","family":"Haenni","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Fundamental Microbiology, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Philippe","family":"Moreillon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Fundamental Microbiology, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"235","reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.38.2.781-788.2000"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1472-765X.2001.00999.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/375592"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.41.9.4435-4437.2003"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/jac\/48.suppl_1.65"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.44.10.2802-2810.2000"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/rheumatology\/36.2.203"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1042\/bst0300150"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0076-6879(01)42556-0"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/175.1.70"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/jac\/44.6.775"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.41.1.254-260.2003"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.41.2.763-766.2003"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/jcm.35.11.2733-2739.1997"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.37.2.290-295.1999"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/173.4.934"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_18_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.271.42.26424"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_19_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.8484123"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_20_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/aem.59.10.3513-3515.1993"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_21_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0167-7012(03)00025-3"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_22_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/362709a0"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_23_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/107662903765826705"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_24_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1101\/gr.3.3.181"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_25_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/AEM.64.11.4264-4268.1998"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_26_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1348-0421.1998.tb02347.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_27_2","unstructured":"National Committee for Clinical Laboratory Standards. 1996. 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