{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,25]],"date-time":"2026-09-25T21:54:28Z","timestamp":1790373268232,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":58,"publisher":"American Society for Microbiology","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2015,10,1]],"date-time":"2015-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1443657600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/non-commercial-tdm-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.asm.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Antimicrob Agents Chemother"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2015,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    Doxycycline is an antibiotic commonly used to treat Lyme disease and other bacterial infections. The MIC and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) for\n                    <jats:named-content xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" content-type=\"genus-species\" xlink:type=\"simple\">Borrelia burgdorferi<\/jats:named-content>\n                    have been investigated by different groups but were experimentally established in this study as a function of input cell density. We demonstrated that\n                    <jats:named-content xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" content-type=\"genus-species\" xlink:type=\"simple\">B. burgdorferi<\/jats:named-content>\n                    treated in the stationary phase has a higher probability of regrowth following removal of antibiotic. In addition, we determined experimentally and mathematically that the spirochetes which persist posttreatment do not have a longer lag phase but exhibit a lower growth rate than untreated spirochetes. Finally, we found that treating the spirochetes by pulse-dosing did not eliminate growth or reduce the persister population\n                    <jats:italic>in vitro<\/jats:italic>\n                    . From these data, we propose that\n                    <jats:named-content xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" content-type=\"genus-species\" xlink:type=\"simple\">B. burgdorferi<\/jats:named-content>\n                    persister development is stochastic and driven by slowed growth.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1128\/aac.00883-15","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,7,27]],"date-time":"2015-07-27T21:31:15Z","timestamp":1438032675000},"page":"6288-6295","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/asmj-crossmark-policy-page","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":58,"title":["Persister Development by Borrelia burgdorferi Populations\n                    <i>In Vitro<\/i>"],"prefix":"10.1128","volume":"59","author":[{"given":"John R.","family":"Caskey","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Bacteriology &amp; Parasitology, Tulane National Primate Research Center, Tulane University Health Sciences Center, Covington, Louisiana, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Monica E.","family":"Embers","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Bacteriology &amp; Parasitology, Tulane National Primate Research Center, Tulane University Health Sciences Center, Covington, Louisiana, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"235","reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(00)74210-3"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/jb.56.1.63-74.1948"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_4_2","first-page":"102","article-title":"Mechanism of phenotypic tolerance of nongrowing pneumococci to beta-lactam antibiotics","volume":"74","author":"Tuomanen E","year":"1990","unstructured":"Tuomanen E, Tomasz A. 1990. Mechanism of phenotypic tolerance of nongrowing pneumococci to beta-lactam antibiotics. Scand J Infect Dis Suppl 74:102\u2013112.","journal-title":"Scand J Infect Dis Suppl"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.30.4.521"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/clinids\/8.Supplement_3.S279"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.micro.112408.134306"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-642-28951-4_8"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/162.2.560"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.49.4.1483-1494.2005"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/523764"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2958.2006.05550.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"229","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-4614-5404-5_12","volume-title":"The pathogenic spirochetes: strategies for evasion of host immunity and persistence","author":"Embers ME","year":"2012","unstructured":"Embers ME, Barthold SW. 2012. Borrelia burgdorferi persistence post-antibiotic treatment, p 229\u2013257. In Embers ME (ed), The pathogenic spirochetes: strategies for evasion of host immunity and persistence. 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Isolation and cultivation of Lyme disease spirochetes. Yale J Biol Med 57:521\u2013525.","journal-title":"Yale J Biol Med"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_32_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.72.3.1580-1586.2004"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_33_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.49.4.1294-1301.2005"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_34_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/aac.00864-15"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_35_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1472-765X.2008.02537.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_36_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01780660"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_37_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1471-4892(02)00205-9"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_38_2","first-page":"107","article-title":"Multidrug tolerance of biofilms and persister cells","volume":"322","author":"Lewis K","year":"2008","unstructured":"Lewis K. 2008. Multidrug tolerance of biofilms and persister cells. 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