{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,17]],"date-time":"2026-09-17T11:25:44Z","timestamp":1789644344282,"version":"4.0.0"},"reference-count":43,"publisher":"American Society for Microbiology","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2015,10,1]],"date-time":"2015-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1443657600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/non-commercial-tdm-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.asm.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Antimicrob Agents Chemother"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2015,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n          <jats:p>\n            Malaria and HIV infection are coendemic in a large portion of the world and remain a major cause of morbidity and mortality. Growing resistance of\n            <jats:named-content xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" content-type=\"genus-species\" xlink:type=\"simple\">Plasmodium<\/jats:named-content>\n            species to existing therapies has increased the need for new therapeutic approaches. The\n            <jats:named-content xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" content-type=\"genus-species\" xlink:type=\"simple\">Plasmodium<\/jats:named-content>\n            glucose transporter PfHT is known to be essential for parasite growth and survival. We have previously shown that HIV protease inhibitors (PIs) act as antagonists of mammalian glucose transporters. While the PI lopinavir is known to have antimalarial activity, the mechanism of action is unknown. We report here that lopinavir blocks glucose uptake into isolated malaria parasites at therapeutically relevant drug levels. Malaria parasites depend on a constant supply of glucose as their primary source of energy, and decreasing the available concentration of glucose leads to parasite death. We identified the malarial glucose transporter PfHT as a target for inhibition by lopinavir that leads to parasite death. This discovery provides a mechanistic basis for the antimalarial effect of lopinavir and provides a direct target for novel drug design with utility beyond the HIV-infected population.\n          <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1128\/aac.00899-15","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,7,28]],"date-time":"2015-07-28T01:31:15Z","timestamp":1438047075000},"page":"6203-6209","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/asmj-crossmark-policy-page","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":27,"title":["The Glucose Transporter PfHT1 Is an Antimalarial Target of the HIV Protease Inhibitor Lopinavir"],"prefix":"10.1128","volume":"59","author":[{"given":"Thomas E.","family":"Kraft","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Christopher","family":"Armstrong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Monique R.","family":"Heitmeier","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Audrey R.","family":"Odom","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA"},{"name":"Department of Molecular Microbiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Paul W.","family":"Hruz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA"},{"name":"Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"235","reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"165","DOI":"10.30875\/9f925144-en","volume-title":"World malaria report 2014","author":"World Health Organization","year":"2014","unstructured":"World Health Organization. 2014. World malaria report 2014, p 165\u2013176. World Health Organization, Geneva, Switzerland."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1200501"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.05130-11"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/594369"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0100138"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/COH.0b013e3283136cee"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.022630099"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nature08728"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.00022-06"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/jit132"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0025237"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.C000228200"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00002030-200204120-00005"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1475-2875-10-165"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.274.11.7272"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/physrev.2001.81.2.495"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_18_2","first-page":"95","article-title":"Glycolysis in Plasmodium falciparum results in modulation of host enzyme activities","volume":"43","author":"Mehta M","year":"2006","unstructured":"Mehta M, Sonawat HM, Sharma S. 2006. Glycolysis in Plasmodium falciparum results in modulation of host enzyme activities. J Vector Borne Dis 43:95\u2013103.","journal-title":"J Vector Borne Dis"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_19_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1096\/fj.10-173278"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_20_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1330865100"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_21_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/bi200113y"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_22_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.781840"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_23_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.2004.70.119"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_24_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nprot.2011.453"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_25_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1475-2840-11-63"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_26_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.febslet.2004.06.032"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_27_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M113.528430"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_28_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2105-9-40"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_29_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nprot.2010.5"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_30_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nmeth.3213"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_31_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jcc.21334"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_32_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/01.qai.0000155203.89350.85"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_33_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/jac\/dkl136"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_34_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/QAI.0b013e3181d6c9ed"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_35_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00002030-200101050-00002"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_36_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2958.2010.07060.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_37_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2147\/TCRM.S3285"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_38_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.107.189623"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_39_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2337\/diabetes.51.4.937"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_40_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00002030-200105040-00001"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_41_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/01.aids.0000244200.11006.55"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_42_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0123598"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_43_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nature13306"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_44_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.01739-10"}],"container-title":["Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/doi\/pdf\/10.1128\/AAC.00899-15","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/doi\/pdf\/10.1128\/AAC.00899-15","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2022,2,21]],"date-time":"2022-02-21T22:47:18Z","timestamp":1645483638000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/doi\/10.1128\/AAC.00899-15"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2015,10]]},"references-count":43,"journal-issue":{"issue":"10","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2015,10]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1128\/AAC.00899-15"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/aac.00899-15","relation":{},"ISSN":["0066-4804","1098-6596"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0066-4804","type":"print"},{"value":"1098-6596","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2015,10]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2015-04-15","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2015-07-17","order":1,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2015-09-18","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}