{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,9]],"date-time":"2026-10-09T14:50:01Z","timestamp":1791557401448,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":55,"publisher":"American Society for Microbiology","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,15]],"date-time":"2023-11-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1700006400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,15]],"date-time":"2023-11-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1700006400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/non-commercial-tdm-license"}],"funder":[{"name":"Nihon Nohyaku Co., Ltd."}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.asm.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Antimicrob Agents Chemother"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,15]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n          <jats:p>\n            <jats:italic>Trichophyton indotineae<\/jats:italic>\n            is an emerging dermatophyte that causes severe tinea corporis and tinea cruris. Numerous cases of terbinafine- and azole-recalcitrant\n            <jats:italic>T. indotineae<\/jats:italic>\n            -related dermatophytosis have been observed in India over the past decade, and cases are now being recorded worldwide. Whole genome sequencing of three azole-resistant strains revealed a variable number of repeats of a 2,404 base pair (bp) sequence encoding\n            <jats:italic>TinCYP51B<\/jats:italic>\n            in tandem specifically at the\n            <jats:italic>CYP51B<\/jats:italic>\n            locus position. However, many other resistant strains (itraconazole MIC \u22650.25 \u00b5g\/mL; voriconazole MIC \u22650.25 \u00b5g\/mL) did not contain such duplications. Whole-genome sequencing of three of these strains revealed a variable number of 7,374 bp tandem repeat blocks harboring\n            <jats:italic>TinCYP51B<\/jats:italic>\n            . Consequently, two types of\n            <jats:italic>T. indotineae<\/jats:italic>\n            azole-resistant strains were found to host\n            <jats:italic>TinCYP51B<\/jats:italic>\n            in tandem sequences (type I with 2,404 bp\n            <jats:italic>TinCYP51B<\/jats:italic>\n            blocks and type II with 7,374 bp\n            <jats:italic>TinCYP51B<\/jats:italic>\n            blocks). Using the CRISPR\/Cas9 genome-editing tool, the copy number of\n            <jats:italic>TinCYP51B<\/jats:italic>\n            within the genome of types I and II strains was brought back to a single copy. The azole susceptibility of these modified strains was similar to that of strains without\n            <jats:italic>TinCYP51B<\/jats:italic>\n            duplication, showing that azole resistance in\n            <jats:italic>T. indotineae<\/jats:italic>\n            strains is mediated by one of two types of\n            <jats:italic>TinCYP51B<\/jats:italic>\n            amplification. Type II strains were prevalent among 32 resistant strains analyzed using a rapid and reliable PCR test.\n          <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1128\/aac.00933-23","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,12]],"date-time":"2023-10-12T13:04:13Z","timestamp":1697115853000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/asmj-crossmark-policy-page","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":39,"title":["Two different types of tandem sequences mediate the overexpression of\n            <i>TinCYP51B<\/i>\n            in azole-resistant\n            <i>Trichophyton indotineae<\/i>"],"prefix":"10.1128","volume":"67","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1394-5455","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Tsuyoshi","family":"Yamada","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Teikyo University Institute of Medical Mycology , Tokyo, Japan"},{"name":"Asia International Institute of Infectious Disease Control, Teikyo University , Tokyo, 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