{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,12]],"date-time":"2026-09-12T09:07:22Z","timestamp":1789204042478,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":44,"publisher":"American Society for Microbiology","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2011,3,1]],"date-time":"2011-03-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1298937600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/non-commercial-tdm-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.asm.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Antimicrob Agents Chemother"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2011,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n          <jats:p>Group A streptococcus (GAS) is an important human pathogen that causes a wide spectrum of diseases, ranging from mild throat and skin infections to severe invasive diseases such as necrotizing fasciitis and streptococcal toxic shock syndrome. Dextromethorphan (DM), a dextrorotatory morphinan and a widely used antitussive drug, has recently been reported to possess anti-inflammatory properties. In this study, we investigated the potential protective effect of DM in GAS infection using an air pouch infection mouse model. Our results showed that DM treatment increased the survival rate of GAS-infected mice. Bacterial numbers in the air pouch were lower in mice treated with DM than in those infected with GAS alone. The bacterial elimination efficacy was associated with increased cell viability and bactericidal activity of air-pouch-infiltrating cells. Moreover, DM treatment prevented bacterial dissemination in the blood and reduced serum levels of the proinflammatory cytokines interleukin-6 (IL-6), tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-\u03b1), and IL-1\u03b2 and the chemokines monocyte chemotactic protein 1 (MCP-1), macrophage inflammatory protein 2 (MIP-2), and RANTES. In addition, GAS-induced mouse liver injury was reduced by DM treatment. Taken together, DM can increase bacterial killing and reduce inflammatory responses to prevent sepsis in GAS infection. The consideration of DM as an adjunct treatment in combination with antibiotics against bacterial infection warrants further study.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1128\/aac.00950-10","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2011,1,4]],"date-time":"2011-01-04T03:54:58Z","timestamp":1294113298000},"page":"967-973","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/asmj-crossmark-policy-page","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":16,"title":["Dextromethorphan Efficiently Increases Bactericidal Activity, Attenuates Inflammatory Responses, and Prevents Group A Streptococcal Sepsis"],"prefix":"10.1128","volume":"55","author":[{"given":"Ming-Han","family":"Li","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology and Immunology, National Cheng Kung University Medical College, Tainan, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yueh-Hsia","family":"Luo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology and Immunology, National Cheng Kung University Medical College, Tainan, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chiou-Feng","family":"Lin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology and Immunology, National Cheng Kung University Medical College, Tainan, Taiwan"},{"name":"Institute of Clinical Medicine, National Cheng Kung University Medical College, Tainan, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yu-Tzu","family":"Chang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, Tainan, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shiou-Ling","family":"Lu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology and Immunology, National Cheng Kung University Medical College, Tainan, Taiwan"},{"name":"Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, National Cheng Kung University Medical College, Tainan, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chih-Feng","family":"Kuo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Nursing, I-Shou University, Kaohsiung County, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jau-Shyong","family":"Hong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Toxicology and Pharmacology, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yee-Shin","family":"Lin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology and Immunology, National Cheng Kung University Medical College, Tainan, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"235","reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1462-5822.2010.01435.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1473-3099(03)00576-0"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1473-3099(05)70267-X"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0006-8993(87)90070-9"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nm0406-384"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/CMR.13.3.470"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_8_2","first-page":"132","volume":"19","year":"2006","unstructured":"Currie, B. 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