{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,14]],"date-time":"2026-09-14T15:13:39Z","timestamp":1789398819155,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":59,"publisher":"American Society for Microbiology","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,10]],"date-time":"2024-01-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1704844800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,10]],"date-time":"2024-01-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1704844800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/non-commercial-tdm-license"}],"funder":[{"name":"The Excellence Initiative - Research University program for the University of Wroc\u0142aw"},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100014434","name":"Polish National Agency for Academic Exchange","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["PPN\/BIL\/2018\/2\/00108"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PPN\/BIL\/2018\/2\/00108"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100014434","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"name":"Italian Ministry of Foreign Affairs and International Cooperation","award":["PO19MO10"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PO19MO10"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000060","name":"HHS | NIH | National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["R01AI073289"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R01AI073289"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000060","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100009708","name":"Novo Nordisk Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100009708","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.asm.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Antimicrob Agents Chemother"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n          <jats:p>\n            The newly emerged pathogen,\n            <jats:italic>Candida auris<\/jats:italic>\n            , presents a serious threat to public health worldwide. This multidrug-resistant yeast often colonizes and persists on the skin of patients, can easily spread from person to person, and can cause life-threatening systemic infections. New antifungal therapies are therefore urgently needed to limit and control both superficial and systemic\n            <jats:italic>C. auris<\/jats:italic>\n            infections. In this study, we designed a novel antifungal agent, PQA-Az-13, that contains a combination of indazole, pyrrolidine, and arylpiperazine scaffolds substituted with a trifluoromethyl moiety. PQA-Az-13 demonstrated antifungal activity against biofilms of a set of 10 different\n            <jats:italic>C. auris<\/jats:italic>\n            clinical isolates, representing all four geographical clades distinguished within this species. This compound showed strong activity, with MIC values between 0.67 and 1.25 \u00b5g\/mL. Cellular proteomics indicated that PQA-Az-13 partially or completely inhibited numerous enzymatic proteins in\n            <jats:italic>C. auris<\/jats:italic>\n            biofilms, particularly those involved in both amino acid biosynthesis and metabolism processes, as well as in general energy-producing processes. Due to its hydrophobic nature and limited aqueous solubility, PQA-Az-13 was encapsulated in cationic liposomes composed of soybean phosphatidylcholine (SPC), 1,2-dioleoyloxy-3-trimethylammonium-propane chloride (DOTAP), and\n            <jats:italic>N<\/jats:italic>\n            -(carbonyl-methoxypolyethylene glycol-2000)-1,2-distearoyl-\n            <jats:italic>sn<\/jats:italic>\n            -glycero-3-phosphoethanolamine, sodium salt (DSPE-PEG 2000), and characterized by biophysical and spectral techniques. These PQA-Az-13-loaded liposomes displayed a mean size of 76.4 nm, a positive charge of +45.0 mV, a high encapsulation efficiency of 97.2%, excellent stability, and no toxicity to normal human dermal fibroblasts. PQA-Az-13 liposomes demonstrated enhanced antifungal activity levels against both\n            <jats:italic>C. auris<\/jats:italic>\n            in\n            <jats:italic>in vitro<\/jats:italic>\n            biofilms and\n            <jats:italic>ex vivo<\/jats:italic>\n            skin colonization models. These initial results suggest that molecules like PQA-Az-13 warrant further study and development.\n          <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1128\/aac.00955-23","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,11]],"date-time":"2023-12-11T14:04:06Z","timestamp":1702303446000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/asmj-crossmark-policy-page","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":25,"title":["Liposomal formulation of a new antifungal hybrid compound provides protection against\n            <i>Candida auris<\/i>\n            in the\n            <i>ex vivo<\/i>\n            skin colonization model"],"prefix":"10.1128","volume":"68","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7921-8007","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Anna","family":"Jaromin","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Lipids and Liposomes, Faculty of Biotechnology, University of Wroc\u0142aw , Wroc\u0142aw, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6343-1500","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Robert","family":"Zarnowski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, School of Medicine &amp; Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison , Madison, Wisconsin, USA"},{"name":"Department of Medical Microbiology, School of Medicine &amp; Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison , Madison, Wisconsin, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Adam","family":"Markowski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Lipids and Liposomes, Faculty of Biotechnology, University of Wroc\u0142aw , Wroc\u0142aw, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Agnieszka","family":"Zag\u00f3rska","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Jagiellonian University Medical College , Cracow, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chad J.","family":"Johnson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin , Madison, Wisconsin, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Haniyeh","family":"Etezadi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacy, University of Copenhagen , Copenhagen, Denmark"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shinji","family":"Kihara","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacy, University of Copenhagen , Copenhagen, Denmark"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Pablo","family":"Mota-Santiago","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"MAX IV Laboratory, Lund University , Lund, Sweden"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8587-6244","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jeniel E.","family":"Nett","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin , Madison, Wisconsin, USA"},{"name":"Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, University of Wisconsin , Madison, Wisconsin, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5434-590X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ben J.","family":"Boyd","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacy, University of Copenhagen , Copenhagen, Denmark"},{"name":"Drug Delivery, Disposition and Dynamics, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University (Parkville Campus) , Victoria, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7927-9950","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"David R.","family":"Andes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, School of Medicine &amp; Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison , Madison, Wisconsin, USA"},{"name":"Department of Medical Microbiology, School of Medicine &amp; Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison , Madison, Wisconsin, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"235","reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_4_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1348-0421.2008.00083.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/ciw691"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mib.2019.05.008"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/mBio.03364-19"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/22221751.2022.2125349"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/mBio.01397-19"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/mSphereDirect.00680-18"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/aac.00053-22"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ph14030176"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejmech.2018.12.044"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bmc.2020.115810"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00044-011-9750-x"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.arabjc.2020.10.027"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ph13110375"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fchem.2021.813973"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fcimb.2020.00463"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_18_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jddst.2021.102397"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_19_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jobm.202100204"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_20_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jddst.2022.103430"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_21_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acsami.9b20708"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_22_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/jof8070744"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_23_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/jof8060639"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_24_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/jof6020085"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_25_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/antibiotics9080461"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_26_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/pharmaceutics14010180"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_27_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/mmy\/myac090"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_28_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/mSphere.00910-19"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_29_2","unstructured":"M100 performance standards for antimicrobial susceptibility testing 33rd Edition M100ED33. (2015)."},{"key":"e_1_3_4_30_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.2211424119"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_31_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0402700101"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_32_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1522-2683(19991201)20:18<3551::AID-ELPS3551>3.0.CO;2-2"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_33_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/ac0341261"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_34_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/pharmaceutics15010179"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_35_2","volume-title":"Nucleation and atmospheric aerosols","author":"Plivelic TS","year":"2019","unstructured":"Plivelic TS , Terry AE , Appio R , Theodor K , Klementiev K . 2019. X-ray tracing, design and construction of an optimized optics scheme for cosaxs, the small angle X-ray scattering Beamline at MAX IV laboratory. In Nucleation and atmospheric aerosols. American Institute of physics."},{"key":"e_1_3_4_36_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1107\/S1600577522008232"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_37_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nmeth.3358"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_38_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1051\/jp2:1993146"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_39_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0022-1759(83)90303-4"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_40_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/cancers11121982"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_41_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1039\/c9dt03464a"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_42_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/jof7100804"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_43_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.abd6919"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_44_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.01572-18"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_45_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ardp.202200463"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_46_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules27010074"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_47_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mbo3.1218"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_48_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/pharmaceutics13030312"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_49_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.02331-19"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_50_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Bernhardt J Funke S Hecker M Siebourg J . 2009. Visualizing gene expression data via voronoi tree maps doi:10.1109\/ISVD.2009.33","DOI":"10.1109\/ISVD.2009.33"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_51_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/jof8100990"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_52_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1006\/emyc.1994.1013"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_53_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms20194706"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_54_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/pharmaceutics10020057"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_55_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.00306-21"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_56_2","first-page":"142","article-title":"Light microscopic, electron microscopic, and immunohistochemical comparison of Bama minipig (Sus scrofa domestica) and human skin","volume":"60","author":"Liu Y","year":"2010","unstructured":"Liu Y , Chen J , Shang H , Liu C , Wang Y , Niu R , Wu J , Wei H . 2010. Light microscopic, electron microscopic, and immunohistochemical comparison of Bama minipig (Sus scrofa domestica) and human skin. Comp Med 60:142\u2013148.","journal-title":"Comp Med"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_57_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/1523-1747.ep12556814"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_58_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1524-475x.2001.00066.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_59_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.molimm.2014.10.023"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_60_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0192623315618292"}],"container-title":["Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/doi\/pdf\/10.1128\/aac.00955-23","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/doi\/pdf\/10.1128\/aac.00955-23","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,10]],"date-time":"2024-01-10T14:04:26Z","timestamp":1704895466000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/doi\/10.1128\/aac.00955-23"}},"subtitle":[],"editor":[{"given":"Andreas H.","family":"Groll","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"editor"}]}],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,10]]},"references-count":59,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,10]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1128\/aac.00955-23"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/aac.00955-23","relation":{},"ISSN":["0066-4804","1098-6596"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0066-4804","type":"print"},{"value":"1098-6596","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,10]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2023-07-30","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2023-10-28","order":1,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2023-12-11","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}],"article-number":"e00955-23"}}