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We report the discovery of a potent inhibitor of SARS-CoV that blocks replication by inhibiting the unwinding activity of the SARS-CoV helicase (nsp13). We used a F\u00f6rster resonance energy transfer (FRET)-based helicase assay to screen the Maybridge Hitfinder chemical library. We identified and validated a compound (SSYA10-001) that specifically blocks the double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) and dsDNA unwinding activities of nsp13, with 50% inhibitory concentrations (IC\n            <jats:sub>50<\/jats:sub>\n            s) of 5.70 and 5.30 \u03bcM, respectively. This compound also has inhibitory activity (50% effective concentration [EC\n            <jats:sub>50<\/jats:sub>\n            ] = 8.95 \u03bcM) in a SARS-CoV replicon assay, with low cytotoxicity (50% cytotoxic concentration [CC\n            <jats:sub>50<\/jats:sub>\n            ] = &gt;250 \u03bcM), suggesting that the helicase plays a still unidentified critical role in the SARS-CoV life cycle. Enzyme kinetic studies on the mechanism of nsp13 inhibition revealed that SSYA10-001 acts as a noncompetitive inhibitor of nsp13 with respect to nucleic acid and ATP substrates. Moreover, SSYA10-001 does not affect ATP hydrolysis or nsp13 binding to the nucleic acid substrate. SSYA10-001 did not inhibit hepatitis C virus (HCV) helicase, other bacterial and viral RNA-dependent RNA polymerases, or reverse transcriptase. These results suggest that SSYA10-001 specifically blocks nsp13 through a novel mechanism and is less likely to interfere with the functions of cellular enzymes that process nucleic acids or ATP. Hence, it is possible that SSYA10-001 inhibits unwinding by nsp13 by affecting conformational changes during the course of the reaction or translocation on the nucleic acid. SSYA10-001 will be a valuable tool for studying the specific role of nsp13 in the SARS-CoV life cycle, which could be a model for other nidoviruses and also a candidate for further development as a SARS antiviral target.\n          <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1128\/aac.00957-12","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2012,6,27]],"date-time":"2012-06-27T07:48:33Z","timestamp":1340783313000},"page":"4718-4728","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/asmj-crossmark-policy-page","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":125,"title":["Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus Replication Inhibitor That Interferes with the Nucleic Acid Unwinding of the Viral Helicase"],"prefix":"10.1128","volume":"56","author":[{"given":"Adeyemi O.","family":"Adedeji","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Christopher S. 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