{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,30]],"date-time":"2025-07-30T13:19:17Z","timestamp":1753881557620,"version":"3.41.2"},"reference-count":31,"publisher":"American Society for Microbiology","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,1,1]],"date-time":"2018-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1514764800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/non-commercial-tdm-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.asm.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Antimicrob Agents Chemother"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n          <jats:p>\n            Host chitinases, chitotriosidase and acidic mammalian chitinase (AMCase), improved the antifungal activity of caspofungin (CAS) against\n            <jats:italic>Aspergillus fumigatus in vitro<\/jats:italic>\n            . These chitinases are not constitutively expressed in the lung. Here, we investigated whether chitosan derivatives were able to induce chitinase activity in the lungs of neutropenic rats and, if so, whether these chitinases were able to prolong survival of rats with invasive pulmonary aspergillosis (IPA) or of rats with IPA and treated with CAS. An oligosaccharide-lactate chitosan (OLC) derivative was instilled in the left lung of neutropenic rats to induce chitotriosidase and AMCase activities. Rats instilled with OLC or with phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) were subsequently infected with\n            <jats:named-content content-type=\"genus-species\">A. fumigatus<\/jats:named-content>\n            and then treated with suboptimal doses of CAS. Survival, histopathology, and galactomannan indexes were determined. Instillation of OLC resulted in chitotriosidase and AMCase activities. However, instillation of OLC did not prolong rat survival when rats were subsequently challenged with\n            <jats:named-content content-type=\"genus-species\">A. fumigatus<\/jats:named-content>\n            . In 5 of 7 rats instilled with OLC, the fungal foci in the lungs were smaller than those in rats instilled with PBS. Instillation of OLC did not significantly enhance the survival of neutropenic rats challenged with\n            <jats:named-content content-type=\"genus-species\">A. fumigatus<\/jats:named-content>\n            and treated with a suboptimal dosage of CAS. Chitotriosidase and AMCase activities can be induced with OLC, but the presence of active chitinases in the lung did not prevent the development of IPA or significantly enhance the therapeutic outcome of CAS treatment.\n          <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1128\/aac.00960-17","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,10,30]],"date-time":"2017-10-30T15:50:20Z","timestamp":1509378620000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/asmj-crossmark-policy-page","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Chitinase Induction Prior to Caspofungin Treatment of Experimental Invasive Aspergillosis in Neutropenic Rats Does Not Enhance Survival"],"prefix":"10.1128","volume":"62","author":[{"given":"Jeannine M.","family":"Refos","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Erasmus University Medical Centre, Rotterdam, The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Alieke G.","family":"Vonk","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Erasmus University Medical Centre, Rotterdam, The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Marian T.","family":"ten Kate","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Erasmus University Medical Centre, Rotterdam, The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Henri A.","family":"Verbrugh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Erasmus University Medical Centre, Rotterdam, The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Irma A. J. M.","family":"Bakker-Woudenberg","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Erasmus University Medical Centre, Rotterdam, The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Wendy W. J.","family":"van de Sande","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Erasmus University Medical Centre, Rotterdam, The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"235","reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_1_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/qjmed\/hcm035"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa020191"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/civ885"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijantimicag.2014.08.012"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/589305"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.05323-11"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M009886200"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/intimm\/dxh328"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nature05746"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0075848"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biomaterials.2010.07.100"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jbm.a.35417"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jgm.762"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3109\/17435390.2015.1054908"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_16_2","first-page":"541","article-title":"Effect of chitosan on hyphal growth and spore germination of plant-pathogenic and biocontrol fungi","volume":"104","author":"Palma-Guerrero J","year":"2008","unstructured":"Palma-Guerrero J, Jansson HB, Salinas J, Lopez-Llorca LV. 2008. Effect of chitosan on hyphal growth and spore germination of plant-pathogenic and biocontrol fungi. 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Reference method for broth dilution antifungal susceptibility testing of filamentous fungi; approved standard\u20142nd ed. CLSI document M38-A2. 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