{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,5]],"date-time":"2026-10-05T20:39:56Z","timestamp":1791232796781,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":59,"publisher":"American Society for Microbiology","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2013,4,1]],"date-time":"2013-04-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1364774400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/non-commercial-tdm-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.asm.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Antimicrob Agents Chemother"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2013,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n          <jats:p>\n            There have recently been significant increases in the prevalence of systemic invasive fungal infections. However, the number of antifungal drugs on the market is limited in comparison to the number of available antibacterial drugs. This fact, coupled with the increased frequency of cross-resistance, makes it necessary to develop new therapeutic strategies. Combination drug therapies have become one of the most widely used and effective strategies to alleviate this problem. Amiodarone (AMD) is classically used for the treatment of atrial fibrillation and is the drug of choice for patients with arrhythmia. Recent studies have shown broad antifungal activity of the drug when administered in combination with fluconazole (FLC). In the present study, we induced resistance to fluconazole in six strains of\n            <jats:named-content xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" content-type=\"genus-species\" xlink:type=\"simple\">Candida tropicalis<\/jats:named-content>\n            and evaluated potential synergism between fluconazole and amiodarone. The evaluation of drug interaction was determined by calculating the fractional inhibitory concentration and by performing flow cytometry. We conclude that amiodarone, when administered in combination with fluconazole, exhibits activity against strains of\n            <jats:named-content xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" content-type=\"genus-species\" xlink:type=\"simple\">C. tropicalis<\/jats:named-content>\n            that are resistant to fluconazole, which most likely occurs via changes in the integrity of the yeast cell membrane and the generation of oxidative stress, mitochondrial dysfunction, and DNA damage that could lead to cell death by apoptosis.\n          <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1128\/aac.00966-12","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2013,1,29]],"date-time":"2013-01-29T02:24:16Z","timestamp":1359426256000},"page":"1691-1700","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/asmj-crossmark-policy-page","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":68,"title":["Synergistic Effects of Amiodarone and Fluconazole on Candida tropicalis Resistant to Fluconazole"],"prefix":"10.1128","volume":"57","author":[{"given":"Cec\u00edlia Rocha","family":"da Silva","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical and Toxicological Analysis, School of Pharmacy, Laboratory of Bioprospection and Experiments in Yeast (LABEL), Federal University of Cear\u00e1, Fortaleza, CE, Brazil"},{"name":"Department of Pathology and Legal Medicine, School of Medicine, Specialized Medical Mycology Center, Federal University of Cear\u00e1, Fortaleza, CE, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jo\u00e3o Batista","family":"de Andrade Neto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical and Toxicological Analysis, School of Pharmacy, Laboratory of Bioprospection and Experiments in Yeast (LABEL), Federal University of Cear\u00e1, Fortaleza, CE, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jos\u00e9 J\u00falio Costa","family":"Sidrim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology and Legal Medicine, School of Medicine, Specialized Medical Mycology Center, Federal University of Cear\u00e1, Fortaleza, CE, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maria Rozzel\u00ea Ferreira","family":"\u00c2ngelo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Central Public Health Laboratory (LACEN-CE), Fortaleza, CE, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hemerson Iury Ferreira","family":"Magalh\u00e3es","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical and Toxicological Analysis, School of Pharmacy, Laboratory of Bioprospection and Experiments in Yeast (LABEL), Federal University of Cear\u00e1, Fortaleza, CE, Brazil"},{"name":"Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Federal University of Cear\u00e1, Fortaleza, CE, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bruno Co\u00ealho","family":"Cavalcanti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Federal University of Cear\u00e1, Fortaleza, CE, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Raimunda S\u00e2mia Nogueira","family":"Brilhante","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology and Legal Medicine, School of Medicine, Specialized Medical Mycology Center, Federal University of Cear\u00e1, Fortaleza, CE, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Danielle Silveira","family":"Macedo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Federal University of Cear\u00e1, Fortaleza, CE, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Manoel Odorico","family":"de Moraes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Federal University of Cear\u00e1, Fortaleza, CE, 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