{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,18]],"date-time":"2026-08-18T01:32:11Z","timestamp":1787016731124,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":32,"publisher":"American Society for Microbiology","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2007,12,1]],"date-time":"2007-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1196467200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/non-commercial-tdm-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.asm.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Antimicrob Agents Chemother"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2007,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    Surveillance studies conducted in the United States over the last decade have revealed increasing resistance among community-acquired respiratory pathogens, especially\n                    <jats:italic>Streptococcus pneumoniae<\/jats:italic>\n                    , that may limit future options for empirical therapy. The objective of this study was to assess the scope and magnitude of the problem at the national and regional levels during the 2005-2006 respiratory season (the season when community-acquired respiratory pathogens are prevalent) in the United States. Also, since faropenem is an oral penem being developed for the treatment of community-acquired respiratory tract infections, another study objective was to provide baseline data to benchmark changes in the susceptibility of U.S. respiratory pathogens to the drug in the future. The in vitro activities of faropenem and other agents were determined against 1,543\n                    <jats:italic>S. pneumoniae<\/jats:italic>\n                    isolates, 978\n                    <jats:italic>Haemophilus influenzae<\/jats:italic>\n                    isolates, and 489\n                    <jats:italic>Moraxella catarrhalis<\/jats:italic>\n                    isolates collected from 104 U.S. laboratories across six geographic regions during the 2005-2006 respiratory season. Among\n                    <jats:italic>S. pneumoniae<\/jats:italic>\n                    isolates, the rates of resistance to penicillin, amoxicillin-clavulanate, and cefdinir were 16, 6.4, and 19.2%, respectively. The least effective agents were trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (SXT) and azithromycin, with resistance rates of 23.5 and 34%, respectively. Penicillin resistance rates for\n                    <jats:italic>S. pneumoniae<\/jats:italic>\n                    varied by region (from 8.7 to 22.5%), as did multidrug resistance rates for\n                    <jats:italic>S. pneumoniae<\/jats:italic>\n                    (from 8.8 to 24.9%). Resistance to \u03b2-lactams, azithromycin, and SXT was higher among\n                    <jats:italic>S. pneumoniae<\/jats:italic>\n                    isolates from children than those from adults. \u03b2-Lactamase production rates among\n                    <jats:italic>H. influenzae<\/jats:italic>\n                    and\n                    <jats:italic>M. catarrhalis<\/jats:italic>\n                    isolates were 27.4 and 91.6%, respectively. Faropenem MICs at which 90% of isolates are inhibited were 0.5 \u03bcg\/ml for\n                    <jats:italic>S. pneumoniae<\/jats:italic>\n                    , 1 \u03bcg\/ml for\n                    <jats:italic>H. influenzae<\/jats:italic>\n                    , and 0.5 \u03bcg\/ml for\n                    <jats:italic>M. catarrhalis<\/jats:italic>\n                    , suggesting that faropenem shows promise as a treatment option for respiratory infections caused by contemporary resistant phenotypes.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1128\/aac.00971-07","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2007,10,1]],"date-time":"2007-10-01T20:39:44Z","timestamp":1191271184000},"page":"4382-4389","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/asmj-crossmark-policy-page","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":53,"title":["National and Regional Assessment of Antimicrobial Resistance among Community-Acquired Respiratory Tract Pathogens Identified in a 2005-2006 U.S. Faropenem Surveillance Study"],"prefix":"10.1128","volume":"51","author":[{"given":"Ian A.","family":"Critchley","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Replidyne, Inc., Louisville, Colorado 80027"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Steven D.","family":"Brown","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinical Microbiology Institute, Wilsonville, Oregon 97070"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maria M.","family":"Traczewski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinical Microbiology Institute, Wilsonville, Oregon 97070"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Glenn S.","family":"Tillotson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Replidyne, Inc., Milford, Connecticut 06460"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nebojsa","family":"Janjic","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Replidyne, Inc., Louisville, Colorado 80027"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"235","reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_1_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/jac\/dkh313"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_3_2","unstructured":"Methods for dilution antimicrobial susceptibility tests for bacteria that grow aerobically 2006"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_4_2","unstructured":"Performance standards for antimicrobial susceptibility testing 2006"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_5_2","unstructured":"Abstr. 41st Intersci. 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