{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,29]],"date-time":"2026-05-29T21:03:59Z","timestamp":1780088639858,"version":"3.54.0"},"reference-count":38,"publisher":"American Society for Microbiology","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2014,1,1]],"date-time":"2014-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1388534400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/non-commercial-tdm-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.asm.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Antimicrob Agents Chemother"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2014,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n          <jats:p>\n            Southeast Asia (the Thailand-Cambodia border) has been considered the primal epicenter for most antimalarial drug resistance; however, numerous molecular epidemiological studies have successively reported multiple independent origins of sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine (SP) resistance-associated\n            <jats:named-content xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" content-type=\"genus-species\" xlink:type=\"simple\">Plasmodium falciparum<\/jats:named-content>\n            <jats:italic>dhfr<\/jats:italic>\n            (\n            <jats:italic>pfdhfr<\/jats:italic>\n            ) and\n            <jats:italic>pfdhps<\/jats:italic>\n            alleles in other areas. To better understand the origin and evolutionary pathway of the SP resistance in Southeast Asia, a total of 374\n            <jats:named-content xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" content-type=\"genus-species\" xlink:type=\"simple\">P. falciparum<\/jats:named-content>\n            field isolates from the Yunnan-Burma border and Hainan Island in southern China have been collected for comprehensive investigations on the mutation patterns of the\n            <jats:italic>pfdhfr<\/jats:italic>\n            \/\n            <jats:italic>pfdhps<\/jats:italic>\n            genes as well as their microsatellite haplotypes. By comparative analysis of single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) genotyping and flanking microsatellite haplotypes, we reveal a unique origin of pyrimethamine-resistant mutations in\n            <jats:italic>Pfdhfr<\/jats:italic>\n            gene in Hainan Island and an oriented spread route of the pyrimethamine resistance from the Thailand-Cambodia border into the Hainan area, which reflects the geographical traits and SP administration histories in the two geographically independent areas. Moreover, genetic linkages between the high-level SP resistance-conferring\n            <jats:italic>pfdhfr<\/jats:italic>\n            \/\n            <jats:italic>pfdhps<\/jats:italic>\n            alleles have been established in the isolates from the Yunnan-Burma border, raising the concern of a genetic basis in adopting combination chemotherapies against falciparum malaria.\n          <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1128\/aac.00972-13","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2013,10,22]],"date-time":"2013-10-22T02:41:14Z","timestamp":1382409674000},"page":"237-246","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/asmj-crossmark-policy-page","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["Distinctive Origin and Spread Route of Pyrimethamine-Resistant Plasmodium falciparum in Southern China"],"prefix":"10.1128","volume":"58","author":[{"given":"Yilong","family":"Zhang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Infectious Disease and Vaccine Development, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"He","family":"Yan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Infectious Disease and Vaccine Development, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Guiying","family":"Wei","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Infectious Disease and Vaccine Development, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shitong","family":"Han","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Infectious Disease and Vaccine Development, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yufu","family":"Huang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathogen Biology, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Qingfeng","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Infectious Disease and Vaccine Development, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Weiqing","family":"Pan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Infectious Disease and Vaccine Development, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China"},{"name":"Department of Pathogen Biology, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"235","reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/CMR.17.1.235-254.2004"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_2","first-page":"907","article-title":"An evaluation of five regimens for the outpatient therapy of falciparum malaria in Thailand 1980-81","volume":"60","author":"Pinichpongse S","year":"1982","unstructured":"PinichpongseSDoberstynEBCullenJRYisunsriLThongsombunYThimasarnK. 1982. 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